22年生福建柏种源试验林遗传变异分析及选择

Genetic variation analysis and selection of 22-year Fokienia hodginsii provenance test stand

[目的]探讨福建柏种源遗传变异规律,筛选速生种源及优良个体,以充实福建柏第2代育种的选择群体。[方法]以福建省尤溪县1987年嫁接营建的福建柏初级种子园混合种子作对照,探讨了11个分别选自贵州、湖南、江西、广东、浙江和福建的22年生福建柏种源的生长性状和木材基本密度,并在分析其遗传变异规律的基础上选择速生种源和优良个体。[结果]22年生福建柏平均树高、胸径、单株立木材积和木材基本密度分别为11.65 m、16.51 cm、0.12702 m^(3)和0.4129 g·cm^(-3)。树高、胸径和单株立木材积狭义遗传力分别为0.5131、0.0462和0.2794,木材基本密度在种源间无遗传差异。筛选出湖南道县、福建龙岩和福建安溪的3个速生优质种源,单株立木材积比群体均值大13.86%,遗传增益为3.87%;同时筛选出18株优良个体,单株立木材积比群体均值大73.84%,遗传增益为20.63%,木材基本密度均值0.4150 g·cm^(-3)。[结论]不同福建柏种源间树高受中度遗传控制,胸径受弱度遗传控制,单株立木材积受中偏下的遗传控制。筛选出的3个速生种源可在生产中推广应用,18株优良个体丰富了福建柏第2代育种选择群体。

[Purpose] The selected population of 2generation breeding of Fokienia hodginsii could be enriched by studying the genetic variation law of F.hodginsii provenances and selecting fast-growing provenances and superior individuals. [Method] The mixed seeds of primary seed orchards of F.hodginsii in Youxi County, Fujian Province in 1987 were used as the control. The provenance test was carried out with 11 provenances of 22-year F.hodginsii from Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces. The growth and basic wood density of test stand were examined and fast-growing provenances and superior individuals were selected on the basis of genetic variation analysis. [Result] The tree height, diameter at breast height(DBH), volume and basic wood density were 11.65 m, 16.51 cm, 0.127 02 m^(3) and 0.412 9 g·cm^(-3) respectively at the age of 22. The narrow heritability of tree height, DBH and volume were 0.513 1, 0.046 2 and 0.279 4 respectively. And the wood basic density was not affected by heredity in the provenances. The provenances such as Daoxian, Hunan, Longyan, Fujian and An′xi, Fujian were identified as fast-growing provenances. The average volume at 22-year selected provenances was 13.86% larger than that of the provenance average, getting 3.87% genetic gain. In addition, 18 trees were identified as superior individuals. The average volume at 22-year selected individuals was 73.84% larger than that of the provenance average, getting 20.63% genetic gain, and the average wood basic density was 0.415 0 g·cm^(-3). [Conclusion] Among provenances, the tree height of F.hodginsii was under moderate genetic control, the DBH was under weak genetic control, and the volume was under medium minus genetic control. The screened fast-growing provenances are suitable for popularization and application. The 18 excellent individuals enriched the second generation breeding selection population of F.hodginsii.