广西宜州蔗区中后期灾害性病害的无人机防控效果

Sugarcane disastrous disease control at middle and late growth stages by unmanned aerial vehicle in Yizhou planting areas,Guangxi

[目的]了解甘蔗中后期灾害性病害防控对甘蔗生产的增产增糖作用。[方法]2019—2020年,在广西宜州蔗区采用无人机飞防,选用720 g·L^(-1)百菌清悬浮剂和50%多菌灵悬浮剂防控镰刀菌复合种(Fusarium sp.)引起的梢腐病、狭斑长蠕孢菌(Helminthosporium stenospilum)引起的褐条病;并调查田间病害防控效果与增产增糖效果。[结果]所用配方药剂对梢腐病和褐条病均有良好的防控效果,梢腐病防效达91.33%以上,褐条病防效达81.55%以上;防控区较未防控区甘蔗产量增加7126~13872 kg·hm^(-2)、田间锤度增加2.43°~8.94°BX、甘蔗糖分提高1.89%~9.68%。[结论]采用无人机飞防有效减轻了中后期灾害性甘蔗病害给蔗农和企业造成的损失,并显著提高甘蔗产量和糖分,也缓解了生产中高秆作物后期喷药困难、劳动力紧张和作业效率低等难题。

[Purpose]The study aimed to assess the effect of sugarcane disastrous disease prevention at the middle and late growth stages on yield and sucrose content.[Method]During 2019-2020,720 g·L^(-1) chlorothalonil SC and 50%carbendazim SC were sprayed at the middle and late stages by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)across sugarcane planting area in Yizhou,Guangxi,and the control efficiency on pokkah boeng disease caused by Fusarium sp.and brown stripe disease caused by Helminthosporium stenospilum and promotive effect on yield and sucrose content were evaluated.[Result]The fungicides formulations showed good control effects on pokkah boeng disease and brown stripe disease with control efficiency over 91.33%and 81.55%,respectively.Compared with the non-control areas,sugarcane yield,field brix and sucrose content were increased by 7126-13872 kg·hm^(-2),2.43°-8.94°BX and 1.89%-9.68%,respectively in the control areas.[Conclusion]Disease prevention by UAV significantly increased sugarcane yields and sucrose contents,and reduced the losses caused by disastrous diseases at the middle and late growth stages;meanwhile,it alleviated the spraying difficulty,labor shortage and low operation efficiency at late grown stage when stalks were high.