投喂配合饲料和活饵对翘嘴鳜形体和肌肉品质的影响

Effects of compound feed and live bait on the nutrient composition and meat quality of Siniperca chuatisi

为了研究翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)在投喂配合饲料和活饵(以下分别简称饲料鳜和活饵鳜)后形体和肉质的差异,对两种饵料养殖的翘嘴鳜的形体指标、肌肉和肝脏的常规营养成分、肌肉氨基酸、脂肪酸和质构特性分别进行测定。结果显示:(1)饲料鳜饵料转化率显著高于活饵鳜,形体指标中肥满度、脏体比与脂体比显著低于活饵鳜,而空壳率、肠胃体比、精体比和卵体比显著高于活饵鳜,肝体比差异不显著。(2)饲料鳜肌肉中无氮浸出物和肌糖原含量显著高于活饵鳜,粗脂肪显著低于活饵鳜,水分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪差异不显著。饲料鳜肝脏中水分、粗灰分显著高于活饵鳜,而粗脂肪、无氮浸出物和肝糖原显著低于活饵鳜。(3)饲料鳜和活饵鳜肌肉中氨基酸组成、总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸之间差异不显著。饲料鳜肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)中的C18:2n6c、C20:5n3(EPA)、C22:6n3(DHA)显著高于活饵鳜,而饱和脂肪酸(SFA)中的C15:0、C17:0、C21:0、C22:0,以及多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)中的C18:3n3、C20:3n6、C20:4n6、C22:2和反式脂肪酸及ω-6/ω-3比值显著低于活饵鳜。翘嘴鳜肌肉脂肪酸组成与饵料相关(R^(2)>0.95)。饲料鳜多烯指数(PI)、动脉粥样硬化指数(IA)和血栓形成指数(IT)优于活饵鳜。(4)肌肉质构特性方面,饲料鳜在咀嚼性和硬度上显著高于活饵鳜,肉质口感占优;弹性、粘性、回复性和黏聚性均无显著差异。结果表明,使用配合饲料养殖翘嘴鳜在饵料转化率、形体指标、脂肪酸营养价值和肉质口感上明显优于活饵。

Body indexes, muscle, liver nutrients, muscle amino acids, fatty acids and texture properties were compared in the present study to evaluate the body indexes and meat quality of Siniperca chuatisi fed with compound feed and live bait, respectively.The results showed that the body indexes, including the condition factor, viscerosomatic/body ratio and mesenteric fat/body ratio of fish fed with feed were significantly lower than those of fish fed with live bait, while the empty shell ratio, intestine and stomach/body ratio, sperm/body ratio, ovaries/body ratio of fish fed with feed were significantly higher than those of fish fed with live bait.No significant difference was found in hepatosomatic/body ratio.The contents of nitrogen-free extract and glycogen in the muscle of fish fed with feed were significantly higher than those of fish fed with live bait, while the crude fat of fish fed with feed was significantly lower than that of fish fed with live bait.No significant differences were observed in moisture, crude protein, and crude fat.The liver moisture and ash content of fish fed with feed were significantly higher than those fed with live bait, while the crude fat, nitrogen-free extract and glycogen of the liver of fish fed with feed were significantly lower than those of fish fed with live bait.There were no significant differences in the amino acids profile, including total amino acids, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids, and umami amino acids content of muscles of these two groups.The C18:2 n6 c、C20:5 n3(EPA)、C22:6 n3(DHA),ω-3 fatty acids in the muscle of fish fed with feed were significantly higher than that of fish fed with live bait.While the saturated fatty acids(SFA) include C15:0,C17:0,C21:0,C22:0,C22:0 and the polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) include C18:3 N3,C20:3 n6,C20:4 n6,C22:2,trans-fatty acids, and ω-6/ω-3 ratio were significantly lower than those in fish fed with live bait.The fatty acid composition of fish was significantly affected by the type of diet(R^(2)>0.95).The polyene index(PI),index of atherogenicity(IA) and index of thrombogenicity(IT) of fish fed with feed were better than those of fish fed with live bait and other fish species.In terms of muscle texture characteristics, the chewiness and hardness of fish fed with feed are significantly higher than those fed with live bait, and the meat texture of fish fed with feed is superior.The results showed that fish fed with feed is better than fish fed with live bait in body index, fatty acid nutritional value and meat taste.