江淮中部庐玉9105籽粒脱水特性及机械粒收时间研究

Establishement of Harvesting Dates of Summer Maize LY9105 Suitable for Mechanical Harvesting between the Yangtze and Huaihe River Areas

为建立江淮中部地区玉米吐丝后有效积温与籽粒含水率预测模型,明确该区夏玉米适宜籽粒机收所需的有效积温,确定适宜籽粒机收的合理播期与收获期,保证机械直收率与玉米丰产稳产,以中熟品种庐玉9105为试验材料,基于当地气象数据,建立回归模型。结果显示,江淮中部地区6月5和15日播期的玉米产量无显著差异,播期推迟至6月15日后,随播期推迟,产量显著降低;6月15日播期的产量较6月25日和7月5日播期产量提高1.9%~45.8%。根据籽粒含水率与有效积温拟合方程推算,籽粒生理成熟期时籽粒含水率为32.1%,籽粒含水率降至28%和25%所需有效积温分别为1013.6和1067.8℃。为保证籽粒机收与丰产,江淮中部6月5—15日播种玉米,收获期为10月7日,此时籽粒含水率已降至27.4%,达到籽粒机械直收标准。在不影响小麦种植的前提下,将小麦播种日期推迟,则玉米籽粒含水率会降低,保证籽粒机收与丰产稳产。

The aim of this research was to establish a prediction model for effective accumulated temperature and grain moisture content of maize after silking in central Jianghuai region,to determine the effective accumulated temperature of summer maize suitable for grain harvesting in this area,to find out the reasonable sowing date and harvest date suitable for grain harvesting by machine,and to ensure mechanical straight yield and corn high and stable yield.Regression model was established with medium maturing variety LY 9105 as the test material based on local meteorological data.Results showed that there were no significant differences in maize yield between treatments of sowing dates June 5 and 15 in central Jianghuai region.When the sowing date was after June 15,yield reduced significantly as the sowing date delayed.Compared with sowing dates of June 25 and July 5,yield of sowing date of June 15 enhanced by 1.9%-45.8%.Calculating according to the fitting equation of grain moisture content and effective accumulated temperature,grain moisture content was 32.1%at grain physiological maturity stage;the effective accumulated temperature required to reduce grain moisture content to 28%and 25%were 1013.6 and 1067.8℃,respectively.In order to ensure grain harvest and high yield,the corn sowing date should be June 5-15 in central Jianghuai region,and the harvest date should be October 7.Under this condition,the grain moisture content reduced to 27.4%,reaching the standard for direct grain harvesting.On the premise of not affecting the planting of wheat,if the planting date of wheat was postponed,the moisture content of corn grain reduced to a lower level,which ensured the grain machine harvest and high and stable yield.