济源市麦田蚜虫发生种类及规律分析

Analysis on the Species and Occurrence Regularity of Aphids in Wheat Fields in Jiyuan City

为探究麦田蚜虫种类和发生规律,减少麦蚜对小麦产量和品质的危害,更好地指导综合防控,分别于2018和2019年对济源市麦田蚜虫发生情况进行调查。结果表明,麦田蚜虫为麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜混合种群危害,禾谷缢管蚜2年发生数量分别占总蚜量的70%和91%,为优势种;2种蚜虫的1~4龄蚜在2018和2019年分别占总蚜量的78%和87%,所占比重较大;3月下旬—4月中旬(小麦拔节—抽穗期)是蚜虫始发期,4月30日前后到5月11日(小麦灌浆初期)是蚜虫种群繁殖增长的关键期,蚜虫数量峰值均在5月11日;不同虫龄(1~4龄蚜、无翅成蚜、有翅成蚜)麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜都始见于小麦拔节—抽穗期,在开花—灌浆期达到峰值,灌浆后期数量大幅下降。小麦整个生长时期,蚜虫数量受温度和降水的影响较大,禾谷缢管蚜受温度影响更明显,较喜高温。

In order to explore the species and occurrence regularity of aphids in wheat fields, reduce the harm of wheat aphids on wheat yield and quality, and better guide the comprehensive prevention and control, the occurrence of aphids in wheat fields in Jiyuan City was investigated in 2018 and 2019. The results showed that the wheat aphid was the mixed population damage of Macrosiphum avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi, and the occurrence number of A. graminis in two years accounted for 70% and 91% of the total aphids, respectively, which was the dominant species. The 1-4 th instar aphids of the two aphids accounted for 78% and 87% of the total aphids in 2018 and 2019, respectively, accounting for a large proportion. The initial stage of aphids was between late March and mid April(jointing-heading stage of wheat), and the key period of aphid population growth was from April 30 to May 11(early filling stage of wheat), and the peak number of aphids were in May 11. Different age(1-4 years old aphids, wingless adult aphids, winged adult aphids) Macrosiphum avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi were first found in jointing-heading stage of wheat, peaked in flowering-filling stage, the number decreased significantly in late filling stage. During the whole growth period of wheat, the number of aphids was greatly affected by temperature and precipitation, and R. padi was more affected by temperature and preferred high temperature.