中美关系的“冲突-合作”复合形态

The Conflict-Cooperation Complex of China-U.S.Relations

中美关系并非单纯表现为冲突或合作,而是呈现“冲突-合作”复合形态。对此,可从关系细分、关系分层、关系聚类和关系波动四方面进行剖析。关系细分指中美关系的互动方式不是冲突与合作的二分,而是可细化成一个从冲突到合作的谱系,该谱系至少包含显性暴力冲突、显性非暴力冲突、隐性冲突、胁迫性合作、竞争性合作、依附性合作和对称性合作等明确类型。在不同问题领域之间,中美互动和关系形态存在多样性,形成关系分层。在地理空间上,中美关系还表现出以各自为中心的关系聚类,具体体现为中美两国在不同关系网络中的重要性以及与相关国家的亲疏远近。关系细分、关系分层和关系聚类综合构成了中美两国在特定时期的总体关系形态和在特定时间段中的关系波动。这种波动又可区分为关系调整和结构性变化,当前的中美关系已出现明显的结构性变化特征。本文尝试对“冲突-合作”复合形态进行分析,从而为管控中美分歧和促进双方合作并为中国对外政策的制定提供必要参考。

China-U.S.relations cannot be simply described as a conflict or cooperation but present a conflict-cooperation complex(CCCs).The CCCs can be observed from four aspects:relation spectrum,stratification,clustering and fluctuation.Relation spectrum refers to that the China-US interactions are not the dichotomy of conflict and cooperation but a pedigree from conflict to cooperation.This pedigree includes at least seven types:explicit violent conflict,explicit nonviolent conflict,implicit conflict,coercive cooperation,competitive cooperation,dependent cooperation and symmetric cooperation.Among different issue areas,China-U.S.interactions and relations are diverse,which is described as relation stratification.In terms of geographical space,China-U.S.relations show the relation clustering,embodied as relation networks centered on China or the U.S.relation spectrum,stratification and clustering constitute the overall China-U.S.relations and determine the relation fluctuation over a long term.The CCCs provides not only new empirical problems for theory studies,but also an empirical basis for the management of China-U.S.relations and the formulation of China’s foreign policy.