海外基建竞争与欧盟“全球门户”计划

Overseas Infrastructure Competition and the EU’s“Global Gateway”Initiative

作为国际公共产品,基础设施互联互通不仅与经济发展息息相关,同时也在国际上面临着激烈的竞争。2018年以来,欧盟加大对海外基建的投入力度,并于2021年启动“全球门户”计划。该计划是欧盟对原有地区合作倡议的整合与升级,突出全球性与地缘性的战略考量,在重点领域、合作原则、融资方式等方面对欧盟的海外基建合作模式进行了明确规划。在当前国际基建合作主导权竞争激烈的背景下,美、日、欧作为主要基建计划的发起方,高度关注所谓“高质量”与“软性”基建,渲染合作的规则与价值观驱动,并在地缘重心、战略意图及优势资源上呈现勾连、协同态势。欧盟致力于将“全球门户”计划打造成战略性的全球基建合作平台,但在未来执行中仍将受到自身能力及外部环境的多重影响。其未来走向可能呈现“追随”“对冲”“借力”等多重图景。中欧双方应加强基建领域合作,坚持践行真正的多边主义,为世界经济发展和国际社会共同进步贡献力量。

Overseas infrastructure is not only closely related to economic development,but also faces fierce competition.The EU launched the“Global Gateway”in 2021.The plan is a consolidation and upgrading of the EU’s existing regional cooperation initiatives,highlighting global and geostrategic considerations,and setting out a clear plan for the EU’s overseas infrastructure cooperation model in terms of priority areas,cooperation principles and financing methods.Given the fierce competition among overseas infrastructure initiatives,the U.S.,Japan and the EU are highly concerned with the so-called“high quality”and“soft”infrastructure,highlighting rules-and values-driven cooperation,and seeking closer collusion with each other.The EU is committed to making the“Global Gateway”a strategic platform for global infrastructure cooperation,but its future implementation will be influenced by its own capabilities and the external environment.The future direction of the initiative may be characterized by multiple scenarios of“bandwagoning,”“hedging,”and“leveraging.”China and the EU should strengthen cooperation in the field of infrastructure,adhere to true multilateralism and contribute to the development of the world economy.