美国贸易政策新思维映射下的“印太经济框架”

Indo-Pacific Economic Framework:Mapping New Thinking in U.S.Trade Policy

在继承特朗普政府贸易政策的基础上,拜登政府重新塑造了美国贸易政策的底层逻辑,形成美国贸易政策的“新思维”。其试图放弃传统方式的贸易自由化,以国内政治需求为中心,构建高标准的国际经贸规则体系,抑制所谓“逐底竞争”,引导跨国公司从追求效率转为追求“最优成本”,最终重塑全球价值链,并实现“安全和韧性”。“印太经济框架”是美国贸易政策新思维在印太地区的战略映射,集中体现了美国贸易政策思维逻辑重塑的结果。贸易政策新思维使得“印太经济框架”显现非传统贸易协定、推行新涵义的市场准入、与其他区域战略呼应、重视集体能力等特征。其战略目标是重获区域经贸规则制定权,重塑中国所处战略环境。面对未来区域内可能出现的种种“去中国化”挑战,中国需在亚太经贸合作领域做好全局性战略应对,坚定地坚持多边治理和高水平对外开放的战略。同时,针对“印太经济框架”的不同议题,中国应及时设计短、中、长期的应对战略和策略组合。

The Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) reflects a new strategic thinking in U.S. trade policy for the Indo-Pacific region in the context of a fundamentally changed logic in response to a shifting global trade landscape. Unlike traditional trade agreements that put a premium on wider market access and lower tariffs, this U.S.-led regional initiative aims at setting higher standards, securing more resilient supply chains, and reshuffling trade blocs to counter Beijing’s growing economic clout. In trying to align its trade policy with those of regional actors, the Biden administration wants to tilt the global economic balance of power in Washington’s favor and shape the geoeconomic environment around Beijing. Against this backdrop, Beijing needs to craft a comprehensive strategic response to fend off the possible economic offensives from Washington and meet new challenges arising from a world in flux.