抗炎抗菌水凝胶应用于糖尿病慢性伤口的研究进展与展望

The research progress and prospect of anti-inflammatory antibacterial hydrogel applied to chronic wounds in diabetes

糖尿病慢性伤口是糖尿病常见的并发症,具有发病机制复杂、恢复时间长等特点。目前针对糖尿病慢性伤口的敷料有很多种。凝胶作为一种新兴的生物材料,在吸水性、透气性、生物相容性、载药能力和药物连续控释等方面,相较于传统敷料具有明显优势,在糖尿病慢性伤口修复中备受关注。常见的水凝胶具有抗炎、抗菌、抗氧化、促组织生成及降糖等功效。其中,根据抗炎、抗菌机制和材料的不同,常见的抗炎水凝胶可以分为负载抗炎药物的水凝胶、基于抗炎材料的水凝胶和负载生物成分的水凝胶,抗菌水凝胶可分为承载抗生素的水凝胶、基于抗菌材料的水凝胶以及载有无机纳米颗粒的水凝胶。抗炎、抗菌水凝胶在糖尿病慢性伤口的治疗方面取得了一定的研究成果,但其仍然存在部分技术问题等待进一步完善。本文系统地总结了抗炎、抗菌水凝胶应用于糖尿病慢性伤口中的研究进展,旨在为糖尿病慢性伤口的未来治疗提供系统的理论支持。

Chronic wounds in diabetes mellitus is a common complication of diabetes mellitus with complex pathogenesis and long recovery time.At present,there are many kinds of dressings for chronic wounds in diabetes,among which synthetic dressings have obvious therapeutic advantages.As an emerging biomaterial,hydrogel has obvious advantages over traditional dressings in terms of water absorption,air permeability,biocompatibility,drug loading ability,and continuous controlled drug release,and has attracted much attention in the repair of chronic wounds in diabetes mellitus.Common hydrogels have anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,antioxidant,tissuepromoting,and hypoglycemic effects.This paper systematically summarizes the progress in research on antiinflammatory and antibacterial hydrogels in chronic diabetic wounds.Among them,according to different antiinflammatory and antibacterial mechanisms and materials,common anti-inflammatory hydrogels can be divided into hydrogels loaded with anti-inflammatory drugs,hydrogels based on anti-inflammatory materials,and hydrogels loaded with biological components.Hydrogels can be classified into antibiotic-loaded hydrogels,antibacterial material-based hydrogels,and inorganic nanoparticles-loaded hydrogels.Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial hydrogels have achieved certain research results in the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds,but there are still some technical problems waiting for further improvement.Meanwhile,this paper discusses the prospect of the future development of hydrogels applied in chronic diabetic wounds,aiming to provide systematic theoretical support for the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds in the future.