基于能量平衡原理的机床柔度优化方法

Optimization Method of Flexibility of Machine Tool Based on Energy Balance Principle

为提高机床抵抗再生颤振的能力,将能量平衡原理、正交试验方法和响应面方法结合,实现一种基于能量平衡原理提高机床抵抗再生颤振能力的方法。该方法通过模态柔度和能量平衡原理计算出机床的薄弱模态和薄弱子结构,寻找出需要优化的质量和刚度,结合正交试验方法和响应面方法对机床的刚度和质量进行优化,以实现最优的刚度配置方案和质量配置方案。以某机床厂曲轴磨床为例,利用能量平衡原理调整薄弱子结构的刚度、质量。结果表明:优化后,机床的薄弱模态均有所下降,各阶模态的模态柔度分布更加均匀,静柔度下降了28.23%,机床的各阶固有频率也有不同程度的提高,机床的整体动态特性有了很大的改善。

To improve the ability of the machine tool to resist regenerative chatter,the energy balance principle,orthogonal test method and response surface method were combined to realize a method to improve resisting regenerative flutter ability of machine tool based on energy balance principle.In this method,the weak modes and weak substructures of the machine tool were calculated by using modal flexibility and energy balance principle,and the mass and stiffness needed to be optimized were found,the stiffness and mass of the machine tool were optimized by orthogonal test method and response surface method to realize the optimal stiffness and mass configuration scheme.Taking the crankshaft grinder of a machine factory as an example,the stiffness and mass of the weak substructure were adjusted by using the energy balance principle.The results show that after optimization,the modal flexibility of the weak mode of the machine tool is decreased,the modal flexibility distribution of each mode is more uniform,and the static flexibility is decreased by 28.23%.The natural frequency of each order of the machine tool is also improved to varying degrees,and the overall dynamic characteristics of the machine tool are greatly improved.