针对飞机小曲率结构的半自动化电磁铆接系统设计

Semi-automatic Electromagnetic Riveting System Design for Small Curvature Structures

为解决飞机手工铆接一致性差、劳动强度高等问题,设计一种带托架的半自动化电磁铆接系统,由控制单元、装配型架单元、回形托架单元、门形框单元、铆接单元和顶把单元组成。控制单元控制整体系统运动和施铆;装配型架单元为工件及其他单元的装夹提供刚度支撑;回形托架单元和门形框单元共同作用,保证铆接单元和顶把单元同步联动,实现电磁铆接的单人操作;回形托架单元利用平衡气缸克服铆接单元和顶把单元重力。针对铆接后坐力大的问题,设计缓冲器、顶持气缸双重减振结构来减弱后坐力对操作者的影响;同时根据不同铆钉直径所需铆接力的要求,通过调节顶持气缸压力以适应不同的铆接后坐力。托架坐标系X、Y、Z 3个方向均安装直线导轨,用于铆接单元与顶把单元铆接定位过程的同步导向,保证铆接一致性。利用托架的电磁铆接作业流程进行了5 mm铝铆钉的工件铆接试验。结果表明:所设计的系统能够完成小曲率壁板结构半自动化铆接。

To solve the problems of lacking consistency and heavy workload in aircraft manual electromagnetic riveting,the semi-automatic electromagnetic riveting system with bracket was designed,which was composed by control unit,assembling frame unit,clip bracket unit,door frame unit,riveting unit and supporting unit.Control unit was used to control the whole system motion and riveting;assembling frame was used to provide rigidity foundation for workpiece and other structure units.The clip bracket unit and the door frame unit function were combined to ensure riveting and supporting unit move synchronously to realize the single operation of electromagnetic riveting;the clip bracket unit used the balance cylinder to overcome the gravity of riveting unit and the supporting unit.In view of the problem of large feedback force,the buffer and supporting cylinder double vibration reduction structure were designed to reduce the influence of feedback force on the operator;because different rivets diameter needed different riveting force,the supporting air cylinder airpressure could be adjusted to adapt to different feedback force.To guide the movement way in X,Y and Z directions,linear rails were assembled in the bracket coordinate system,and the riveting consistency could be kept.A workpiece riveting experiment of 5 mm aluminum rivets was done based on the work process of electromagnetic riveting bracket.The results show that by using this system,the semi-automatic riveting of small-curvature panel structures can be completed.