云南野生猕猴桃资源调查及遗传多样性研究

Survey and Diversity Analysis of Wild Actinidia Lindl.Germplasm Resources in Yunnan Province of China

为明确云南猕猴桃属种质资源的遗传背景,进一步发掘利用和保护野生种质资源,本研究对滇东北、滇东、滇东南、滇南和滇西北等5个野生猕猴桃资源主要分布区域开展实地调查和收集,对果实进行形态学鉴定评价分析,采用高效液相色谱法对果实糖酸、VC含量进行测定分析,利用10对SSR引物对211份野生猕猴桃资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:云南野外分布有中华猕猴桃、美味猕猴桃、京梨猕猴桃、紫果猕猴桃、贡山猕猴桃等多种猕猴桃属植物,表型性状丰富多样,其中滇东北昭通地区的野生资源类型分布最为丰富广泛。66份资源的总糖含量范围为0.08%~8.90%,其中含量0.08%~5%的资源占比为57.58%;45份资源的总酸含量范围为0.75%~2.90%,其中含量1%~2%的资源占比为71.11%;61份资源VC含量范围为4.74~523 mg/100 g,含量为0~100 mg/100 g的资源占比78.69%、含量为100~200 mg/100 g的资源占比19.67%、含量为200 mg/100 g以上的资源占比1.64%。所考察野生资源的果实总糖、总酸和VC含量存在明显差异和多样性。10对SSR引物共扩增出421条条带,其中多态性条带421条,多态性比率为100%,对211份种质材料的区分率达100%,平均有效等位基因数为1.077,Shannon′s信息指数为0.1246,从DNA层面印证了云南猕猴桃属种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,并筛选出6份具有较高开发利用价值的野生资源。本研究为加快云南猕猴桃属种质资源的研究利用提供参考。

To clarify the genetic diversity of Actinidia Lindl.germplasm resources in Yunnan province of China and provide insights for future exploration and protection,this study conducted a field survey and collection in five regions including northeastern,eastern,southeastern,southern,and northwestern.211 collected wild germplasm resources were subjected for morphology observation and fruit quality quantification(including sugar and acid and VC contents),and genotyped using ten SSR primer pairs.Most of these genotypes were classified belonging to the A.chinensis Planch and the A.deliciosa(A.Chev.)C.F.Liang&A.R.Ferguson,and the remaining genotypes were the Jingli Actinidia Lindl.,the purple-fruited Actinidia Lindl.,and the Gongshan Actinidia Lindl.In Zhaotong city from northeastern Yunnan the abundant and extensive distribution of wild Actinidia Lindl.germplasm resources were observed.The analysis on fruit morphological traits revealed a rich phenotypic diversity.The total sugar content of 66 resources ranged from 0.08%to 8.90%,and 57.58%of genotypes showed 0.08%-5%on total sugar content.45 resources had total acid content ranging from 0.75%to 2.90%,and 71.11%of genotypes showed 1%-2%.The VC content of 61 resources ranged from 4.74-523 mg/100 g,and 78.69%of genotypes showing VC content below 100 mg/100 g,19.67%of genotypes(VC content between 100-200 mg/100 g),and 1.64%of genotypes showing over 200 mg/100 g were observed.The significant diversity on the total sugar,total acid and VC content were identified in the wild resource collection.Based on the phenotypic datasets,six elite wild germplasm resources were identified.Moreover,genotyping using 10 pairs of SSR primers produced 421bands with 100%polymorphism,with an average effective allele number of 1.077 and the Shannon′s information index of 0.1246.These markers were able to classify 211 germplasm materials,implying the rich genetic diversity of Actinidia Lindl.germplasm resources.Collectively,this study provided useful germplasm resources to accelerate the research and utilization of Actinidia Lindl.germplasm resources in Yunnan province of China.