非医学专业女大学生的乳腺癌认知状况及乳房自检行为调查研究

Investigation on breast cancer cognitive status and breast self-examination behavior of non-medical female college students

目的了解非医学专业女大学生的乳腺癌认知现状及乳房自检行为状况。方法通过整群抽样法选取525名非医学专业的在校女大学生,向其发放乳腺癌相关知识及乳房自检行为调查问卷,根据自检行为调查结果分为自检者组(n=158)和非自检者组(n=367),分析影响女大学生乳房自检行为的相关因素。结果被调查者的乳房自检率、乳腺癌相关知识得分率、乳腺癌危险因素得分率分别为30.10%、69.60%和52.89%。与乳房非自检者相比,自检者的乳腺癌相关知识、乳腺癌危险因素、感知易感性、感知利益、自我效能评分更高,感知障碍评分更低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),自检者与非自检者的感知严重性评分接近,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。直系亲属有乳腺癌病史、乳腺癌知识来源于医护人员、乳腺癌知识来源于女性朋友、感知易感性和自我效能是乳房自检行为的独立保护因素(P<0.05)。结论非医学专业女大学生的乳腺癌认知水平及乳房自检率均较低,自我效能、感知易感性、直系亲属患乳腺癌等均是影响乳房自检行为的主要因素。

Objective To understand the cognitive status of breast cancer and breast self–examination behavior among non–medical female college students.Methods A total of 525 non–medical female college students were selected by cluster sampling.Questionnaires on breast cancer related knowledge and breast self–examination behavior were distributed to them.The results were divided into the self–examiner group(n=158)and the non–self–examiner group(n=367)according to the results of the self–examination behaviour survey,and the relevant factors affecting the breast self–examination behavior of female university students were analyzed.Results The breast self–examination rate,the score rate of breast cancer related knowledge and the score rate of breast cancer risk factors were 30.10%,69.60%and 52.89%respectively.Compared with non–self–examiners,the breast cancer related knowledge,breast cancer risk factors,perceived susceptibility,perceived benefits,self–efficacy scores of breast self–examiners were significantly higher,and perceived impairment scores were significantly lower(P<0.05).The perceived severity scores of self–test and non self–test were similar(P>0.05).The independent protective factors of breast self–examination were the history of breast cancer,knowledge of breast cancer from medical staff,knowledge of breast cancer from female friends,perceived susceptibility and self–efficacy(P<0.05).Conclusion The cognitive level and breast self–examination rate of non–medical female college students are low.Self–efficacy,perceived susceptibility and breast cancer of immediate relatives are the main factors affecting breast self–examination behavior.