人字形光伏阵列防风效果的数值模拟

Numerical simulation for windproof effect of herringbone photovoltaic array

借鉴“雁阵效应”的思想,设计了人字形光伏阵列.为揭示其防风效果,利用Fluent软件,采用SST k-ω湍流模型和非定常雷诺平均数值模拟的方法,分析了安装倾角、高度、阵列角度和间距分别为30°,0.20 m,30°和2 m人字形光伏阵列的抗风载能力和防风效果.结果表明:风速为10 m/s和15 m/s时,在首排光伏板均承受最大的风压力,第2—5排风压力显著小于第1排且逐排减小,阵列出现雁阵效应;将监测点|P|以20 Pa的间隔划分为不同风压区,发现可采取局部加固的方法提高光伏阵列整体的抗风载能力.沿垂直方向,来流在阵列后形成近金字塔形的风速衰减区,且风速分布均表现出中等变异性,在离地高度从0.20 m增加到0.70 m的过程中,由于阵列的导流效应,计算域平均风速残余系数逐渐增大,变异系数逐渐减小,使得光伏阵列在计算域的防风效果随着高程的增加而减弱.研究可为戈壁人字形光伏阵列布设和农业发展提供指导.

Drawing on the ideas of goose array theory,a herringbone photovoltaic array was designed.In order to reveal its windproof effect,the wind load resistance and wind reduction of the case that the installation inclination,height,array angle and spacing were 30°,0.20 m,30°and 2 m respectively,were investigated by using the SST k-ωturbulence model and unsteady Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes(RANS)approach.The results show that at wind speeds of 10 m/s and 15 m/s,the first row of photovoltaic array is subject to the maximum wind pressure in the windward direction,the 2nd-5th exhaust pressure is significantly less than the first row and decreases row by row,and the array has a goose array effect.The monitoring point|P|is divided into different wind pressure areas at intervals of 20 Pa,and it is found that a local reinforcement method can be adopted to improve the overall wind resistance of the photovoltaic array.In the vertical direction,the incoming flow forms a near-pyramid-shaped wind speed attenuation area behind the array,and the wind speed distribution shows medium variability.In the process of increasing the height above ground from 0.20 m to 0.70 m,due to the diversion effect of the array,the residual coefficient of the average wind speed in the calculation domain gradually increases,and the coefficient of variation gradually decreases,so that the wind protection effect of the photovoltaic array in the calculation domain weakens as the elevation increases.It provides theoretical guidance for the layout of Gobi herringbone photovoltaic arrays and agricultural development.