中国喷灌机现状与发展思考

Challenges and opportunities for development of sprinkler irrigation machine in China

基于水利统计数据,分析了近10 a中国节水灌溉应用分布,发现东北以喷灌为主,西北以微灌为主,华北以低压管灌为主,华东以渠道灌溉为主,具有明显的区域特征,节水灌溉仍有50%发展空间,喷灌技术占比与欧美国家相比仍然偏低.总结回顾了中国喷灌机发展历程、研究进展和发展趋势.从国家政策引导、智慧农业发展、农业种植结构变化和盐碱地耕地改造4个方面,分析了在资源环境约束挑战下中国喷灌机的发展机遇.阐明了喷灌的优势和不可替代作用,指出随着中国高标准农田建设及农业规模化经营稳步推进,喷灌机性能及功能不断增强,使以往喷灌的局限性逐步转变成发展优势.最后从补齐农业全程机械化短板、水肥药一体化作业新模式和无人化智能化方面展望了中国喷灌机未来发展前景.

Based on the water conservancy statistics,the application distribution of water-saving irrigation in China in the past 10 years was analyzed and its obvious regional characteristics was found.Sprinkler irrigation is mainly used in the northeast,micro irrigation is mainly used in the northwest,low-pressure pipe irrigation is mainly used in North China,and canal irrigation are mainly used in East China.Water-saving irrigation still has 50%development space,and the proportion of sprinkler irrigation technology is still low compared with European and American countries.The development history,research progress and development trend of sprinkler irrigation in China were reviewed.The development opportunities of sprinkler irrigation machines in China under the challenge of resource and environment constraints was analyzed from the four aspects of national policy guidance,intelligent agriculture development,agricultural planting structure change and saline-alkali land transformation.The advantages and irreplaceable role of sprinkler irrigation are clarified.In addition,with the steady progress of high standard farmland construction and large-scale agricultural management in China,the perfor-mance and function of sprinkler irrigation machines are continuously enhanced,which gradually turns the limitations of previous sprinkler irrigation into development advantages.Finally,the future development prospects of sprinkler irrigation machines in China are prospected from the aspects of the shortcomings of the whole process mechanization of agriculture,the new mode of integrated operation of water,fertilizer and medicine,and unmanned intelligence.