油茶低产林改造剩余物的发酵堆肥技术

Fermentation and composting technology of Camellia oleifera low-yield forest transformation residues

【目的】提高油茶低产林改造剩余物的利用率,减少剩余物不恰当处理对环境造成的污染,同时找到代替泥炭的轻基质材料以减少育苗成本。【方法】以尿素、发酵鸡粪、复合肥为氮源,以EM菌、酵素菌、强兴发酵菌剂为微生物发酵菌剂,将碳氮质量比调整至25∶1、30∶1、35∶1,共设计9个配方处理,通过发酵罐发酵和罐外后熟过程,腐熟油茶低产林改造剩余物,研究适合油茶低产林改造剩余物发酵堆肥的氮源、菌剂、碳氮比,使发酵后的低改剩余物达到轻基质的要求。【结果】完成发酵后,处理A物料的碳氮质量比下降至19.85∶1,达到生物有机肥腐熟的要求(碳氮质量比小于20);处理A和处理B的物料基本能符合林木轻基质无纺布容器育苗标准(基质容重0.2-0.5 g/cm^(3),总孔隙度大于60%,通气孔隙度15%-30%,持水孔隙度45%-60%),其余处理的物料可与保水性能强、通气孔隙度大的基质混配,完善其物理性质。改造剩余物发酵过程中,氮源对物料理化性质的变化起着主要作用,氮源中尿素对物料理化性质的影响最显著,其次是复合肥,最后是发酵鸡粪,而菌剂和碳氮质量比对物料理化性质的影响不显著。当碳氮质量比调整至25∶1时,物料的碳氮比能更快降低。【结论】建议使用尿素和EM菌对油茶低产林改造剩余物进行发酵堆肥。

【Objective】In order to improve the utilization of the residues of the low-yield forest of Camellia oleifera,reduce environmental pollution caused by improper treatment of the residues, at the same time find light matrix materials instead of peat substrate material to reduce seedling costs.【Method】Chose urea, fermented chicken manure, compound fertilizer as nitrogen source, and EM bacteria, ferment bacteria, and Qiangxing fermentation inoculants as microbial fermentation inoculants, adjusted the C and N mass ratio to 25∶1, 30∶1, 35∶1. The nitrogen source, microbial agent and C and N ratio were studied to make the low yield C. oleifera residue fermentation compost meet the requirement of light substrate.【Result】After fermentation, the C and N mass ratio of material A decreased to 19.85∶1, which met the requirements of bio-organic fertilizer(C and N mass ratio less than 20). Treatment A and B material basic could meet with the standard of light matrix non-woven container seedling trees(matrix density 0.2-0.5 g/cm^(3), total porosity was greater than 60%, aeration porosity of 15%-30%, water-holding porosity of 45%-60%), and the rest of the processing material with strong water retention performance, aeration porosity, large matrix mixed to improve its physical properties.In the process of fermentation of modified residue, nitrogen source played a major role in the change of the physical and chemical properties of the material. Urea had the most significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of the material, followed by compound fertilizer, and finally fermented chicken manure, while microbial agent and C and N mass ratio had no significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of the material. When the C and N mass ratio was adjusted to 25 ∶ 1, the C and N mass ratio decreased faster.【Conclusion】It is suggested to use urea and EM bacteria to fermentative compost the residue of low-yield C. oleifera.