油茶果壳提取物及其生物活性

Biological activities of the fruit shell extracts of Camellia oleifera

【目的】筛选出具有开发和应用价值的油茶品种,为油茶病害的防治提供新思路,为油茶果壳的综合开发和利用提供参考。【方法】使用高效液相色谱仪,对28种油茶果壳乙酸乙酯提取物进行分析,根据其次生代谢产物进行分类,并在每类中选出1个具有代表性的品种用于生物活性测定。采用菌丝生长速率法测定油茶果壳提取物对油茶炭疽病菌的抑制活性;采用多孔板-DPPH法测定油茶果壳提取物的抗氧化活性;采用触杀法测定油茶果壳提取物的杀松材线虫活性。【结果】通过高效液相分析,根据次生代谢产物的情况可将28种油茶果壳划分为7类。生物活性的测定结果表明:‘赣石84号’油茶果壳提取物对油茶炭疽病菌的抑制效果最好,其EC50值为(2.02±0.09) g/L;‘桂无4号’油茶果壳提取物的抗氧化活性最强,其IC_(50)值为(5.80±0) mg/L,强于阳性对照BHT的IC_(50)值(25.90±0) mg/L;‘璠龙5号’油茶果壳提取物表现出较好的杀线虫活性,其在处理24、48、72 h后的IC_(50)值分别为(9.65±1.54)、(5.03±0.73)和(3.72±0.12) g/L。高效液相色谱分析中,保留时间3.0、3.5、7.5、10.0 min处的化学物质可能与油茶果壳提取物的生物活性有关。【结论】‘赣石84号’‘桂无4号’‘璠龙5号’油茶果壳提取物分别表现出较好的抗油茶炭疽病菌活性、抗氧化活性和杀线虫活性,可作为候选油茶品种,用于进一步的活性成分鉴定。

【Objective】The Camellia oleifera varieties with developed and applicable values were selected to provide a new idea for the prevention and control of plant diseases, and lay a foundation for the comprehensive development and utilization of C. oleifera fruit shells.【Method】The ethyl acetate extracts of twenty-eight C. oleifera shells were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and were divided into different groups according to the secondary metabolites. These groups were further evaluated against antifungal, antioxidant and nematocidal activities using different methods. The antifungal activities of the fruit shell extracts against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were determined by the mycelium growth rate method. The antioxidant activities of the fruit shell extracts were determined using the microporous plate-DPPH method. The nematocidal activity of seven C. oleifera shell extracts against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was tested by contact method.【Result】The ethyl acetate extracts of twenty-eight C. oleifera shells were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and were divided into seven groups(Ⅰ-Ⅶ) according to the secondary metabolites. The results showed that Ganshi No.84 displayed the best activity against C. gloeosporioides and the EC50 value was(2.02±0.09) g/L. The antioxidant activity of Guiwu No.4 with IC_(50) value of(5.80±0) mg/L was stronger than the positive control BHT(IC_(50) value was(25.90±0) mg/L). In addition, Fanlong No.5 showed moderate activity against B. xylophilus whose IC_(50) values at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h were(9.65±1.54),(5.03±0.73) and(3.72±0.12) g/L,respectively. High performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the chemicals at retention times of 3.0 min,3.5 min, 7.5 min and 10.0 min may be associated with the antifungal, antioxidant and nematocidal activities exhibited by C. oleifera shell extracts.【Conclusion】The fruit shells of Ganshi No.84, Guiwu No.4 and Fanlong No.5 showed better antifungal, antioxidant and nematicidal activities, respectively. So they three could be used as candidate plant resources for further isolation, purification and identification of active ingredients.