建党之初和大革命时期中国共产党党内监督制度及其实践

Inner-Party Supervision System and Its Practice in the Early Days of the Communist Party of China

在马克思列宁主义的党建学说包括党内监督理论的指导下,中国共产党在建党之初和大革命时期吸收俄共(布)成功的经验,制定政治、组织、廉洁等方面的纪律,加强执纪监督,探索党内巡视工作的惯例和党内报告制度,建立党内专门监督机构。这一时期,党内监督实践有其局限性,主要表现:党内监督制度建设受俄共(布)与共产国际的影响,党内监督的理论准备不足,党内民主监督不够。这一时期党内监督虽历时不长,但作出了不可磨灭的历史贡献,主要包括:对党内监督理论的探索取得了初步成果,党内专门监督机构的设立一开始就蕴含了加强党的领导的基因,党的纪律规矩的初步建立为后来党的纪律建设打下了基础。

Under the guidance of Marxism-Leninism Party-building theory and inner-Party supervision theory,the CPC absorbed the successful experience of the Russian Communist Party(Bolshevik)during the initial period of the Party and period of Great Revolution,and formulated political,organizational,clean and disciplines,strengthening discipline supervision,making explorations into inner-Party inspection practices and inner-Party reporting system,and inner-Party special supervision institutions having been established.The limitation of inner-Party supervision practice was reflected in the inner-Party supervision system construction being affected by the Russian Communist Party(Bolshevik)with insufficient theoretical preparation and democratic supervision within the Party.Despite the period being brief,it made indelible historical contributions,mainly including:the exploration of the theory of inner-Party supervision achieving elemental results,the establishment of the special supervision organization containing the gene of“strengthening the leadership of the Party”,and the initial establishment of the Party’s discipline rules having laid a foundation for the Party’s discipline construction in the future.