基于GC-MS和GC-IMS技术分析凤香型年份基酒挥发性成分

Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Aged Fengxiang Crude Baijiu Based on GC-MS and GC-IMS

以酒海贮存的凤香型年份基酒为研究对象,采用气相色谱-质谱联用(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS)和气相离子迁移谱(Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectroscopy,GC-IMS)技术分析凤香型基酒在酒海贮存过程中挥发性物质变化。结果表明:GC-MS检出85种化合物,其中酯类41种、酸类10种和醇类物质17种,且包含一些分子量较大的化合物,在贮存过程中,酯类物质下降明显,酸类物质含量上升,棕榈酸乙酯、亚油酸乙酯、反油酸乙酯、十八酸乙酯等高级脂肪酸酯、苯乙醇呈线性增长。GC-IMS定性出47种,以酯类(23种)、醛酮类(14种)为主,其对小分子物质较为灵敏,二丙基硫醚、异戊烷、双乙酰等物质含量随时间的增加呈上升趋势;两种技术的主成分分析(PCA)均说明年份基酒之间差异显著。在两种技术手段的协同下,获得了陈酿过程中凤香型基酒挥发性成分变化规律,主要表现为:酸升酯降,棕榈酸乙酯、亚油酸乙酯、反油酸乙酯、十八酸乙酯、苯乙醇、苯甲醛、二甲基硫醚、乳酸含量明显增加,为凤香型基酒陈酿体系的建立提供理论依据。

Targeted at the aged Fengxiang crude Baijiu stored in Jiuhai,a container for Chinese Baijiu,this paper adopted the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS)to analyze the changes of volatile substances in the Fengxiang Baijiu.The results indicated that 85 compounds were detected by GC-MS,including 41 esters,10 acids,17 alcohols,and some compounds with high molecular weight.During storage,the content of esters decreased obviously,that of acids increased,and that of higher fatty acid esters such as ethyl palmitate,ethyl linoleate,elaidic acid ethyl ester,and stearic acid ethyl ester,and phenylethyl alcohol showed a linear growth.In contrast,a total of 47 compounds,dominated by 23 esters and 14 aldehydes and ketones,were identified by GC-IMS,as it was more sensitive to substances with small molecules.It was found that the content of dipropyl sulfide,isopentane,diacetyl,etc.,increased with time.The principal component analysis(PCA)of the two techniques showed that there were significant differences between aged crude Baijiu.Combining the above two techniques,a change law of the volatile components in aged Fengxiang crude Baijiu was derived,the content of acids increased,that of esters declined,and that of ethyl palmitate,ethyl linoleate,elaidic acid ethyl ester,stearic acid ethyl ester,phenylethyl alcohol,benzaldehyde,dimethyl sulfide,and lactic acid grew.It was expected that the results of this paper could provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of the aging system of Fengxiang Baijiu.