基于最高粮温的储粮模式判定和储粮仓房等级划分研究

Research on Grain Storage Mode Judgment and Granary Classification Based on the Highest Grain Temperature

现阶段我国建设了各类储粮仓房,既有标准储粮仓房,也有“非标准仓房”。由于仓房型式、所用材料多种多样,在受太阳辐射、仓内外温度传导、粮堆内孔隙间热对流等条件的作用下,其获得的储粮效果不尽相同。为实现安全储粮目的,粮食仓储业制定了储粮模式判定标准,实现了安全储粮层次化管理,也将储粮硬件上的缺陷转化为储粮理论上的探索。本研究基于温度场分布理论,对采取不同保温措施的平房仓、不同型式的圆形仓房,进行常规测试、加密测试点测试与分析,提出取消储粮模式判定标准“平均粮温”这一判定指标,仅将“局部最高粮温”作为储粮模式唯一判定指标和储粮仓分为4个等级,最高温度超过30℃的不作为储粮仓使用的建议,从源头上改善储粮条件,使我国储粮仓型得到整体提升,旨在实现标本兼治。

At present,China has built various types of grain storage warehouses,including standard grain storage warehouses and non-standard warehouses.Due to the variety of warehouse types and materials used,the grain storage effect is different under the action of solar radiation,temperature conduction inside and outside the warehouse,thermal convection between pores in the grain bulk,and other conditions.In order to achieve the purpose of safe grain storage,the grain storage industry has formulated the judgment standard of grain storage mode and realized the hierarchical management of safe grain storage,while transformed the defects of grain storage hardware into the exploration of grain storage theory.Based on the theory of temperature field distribution,the grain storage patterns of the horizontal warehouse with different heat preservation measures and the circular warehouse with different types were tested and analyzed by routine test and densified test points.We proposed to cancel the index of“average grain temperature”in judgment of grain storage mode,to use“the highest temperature of certain part”as the only index for judgment of grain storage mode,and classify the granary into 4 grades.Granary with the highest temperature exceeding 30℃was not suggested to be used as a grain storage warehouse.This suggestion can improve the grain storage conditions from the source,so that the grain storage warehouse type in China can be improved as a whole,and both the symptoms and the root causes can be solved.