中医外治法防治疫病特色探析

Exploration on the Characteristics of Chinese Medicine External Treatment Method to Prevent and Treat Epidemic Diseases

中医药在历代疫病防治中积累了大量经验,形成了完整的疫病防治体系,而外治法在其中更是独具特色。纳入防治疫病外治方剂75首,有如下特色:①命名特色,多以“避瘟”“杀鬼”等为名,突出其预防疫疠邪气之作用;②剂型特色,剂型多达11种,除常见的丸剂、散剂、汤剂外,还有锭剂、艾条剂、线香剂、饼剂等多种剂型;③用法特色,用法包括熏烧、佩戴、涂敷、粉身、吹鼻、取嚏、药浴、点眼等多种外用方法;④用药特色,涉及用药共176味,其中用药频次≥5的药物共24味,性味以辛、温为主,且以金石类药物和芳香类药物的使用为特色。此外,还有部分稀见特色用药,值得进一步研究与利用。

Chinese medicine has accumulated rich experience in the prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases over the ages,and has formed a complete system for it,among which the external treatment method is a distinctive aspect.This study incorporates a total of 75 formulae on external treatment for the prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases,which have the following characteristics:①Naming mostly featured by"bi wen(preventing plague)"and"sha gui(killing ghosts)"to highlight the role in preventing epidemic diseases;②Formulation featured by lozenge,moxa stick,joss stick,medicinal cake,and other 11 types in addition to the common pill,powder and decoction;③Application method featured by fumigation,wearing,coating,powdering,nose blowing,sneezing,bathing,eye dropping,and other external methods;④Medication featured by mainly pungent and warm medicines with a medication frequency above 5 out of 24 medicines,metal and stone medicines,aromatic medicines,and other 176 medicines.In addition,there are also some rare medicines,which are worthy of further study and utilization.