清代方志编纂制度与编辑规范谫论

Discussion on the Compilation System and Editorial Criteria of Fangzhi in the Qing Dynasty

清代方志的编纂制度分为中央修志制度和地方修志制度。中央修志制度包括皇帝诏书、命令和中央机构对方志编纂的规定;地方制度则包括各地对通志、府州县志、乡土志和专志的规定。清代方志编辑规范表现为方志名称的规范、体例的规范、编纂规则或编纂方法的编辑规范以及对选用资料上的规范。清代方志编纂制度与编辑规范不足之处有二:一是限定短期完成,仓促修志导致方志编辑质量不高;二是全国统一规定修志体例,致使志书结构单一,特色不明。

The compilation system of Fangzhi in the Qing Dynasty was divided into the central revision system and the local revision system. The central revision system is composed of the imperial edicts, the imperial orders and the regulations on Fangzhi’s compilation issued by the central institutions. The local revision system is composed of local regulations on Tongzhi, Fuzhi, Zhouzhi,Xianzhi, and Zhuanzhi. One prominent feature of the compilation system of Fangzhi in the Qing Dynasty is standardization, which includes standardized names, styles, editorial criteria and material selection. Meanwhile, there lies two weaknesses in this system. One is that the insufficient time limit for completing compilation causes inferior quality of Fangzhi. The other is that the unified and standardized regulation for Fangzhi compilation results in similar structures and in-distinctiveness.