苏轼三国诸侯论探微

Study on Su Shi's Comments on the Feudal Princes of The Three Kingdoms

苏轼乃一代通才,兼善文史,尤喜《三国》。他对曹操、刘备、孙权、袁绍、董卓等三国诸侯的论述占有相当的比重,形成了独到的“三国诸侯论”,具体表现是其所推崇的为君之道。随着人生经历的发展和现实环境的变迁,苏轼凭借史论、史评、经解、诗歌等形式从三方面探讨三国诸侯:其一,分析曹操在军事层面失利于孙刘、攻灭袁氏的原因,认定战略决胜的关键在于料敌;其二,分析曹操、袁绍、孙权对各自臣佐进谏的态度,认定安稳内政的关键在于包容;其三,分析曹操、董卓的残暴与刘备的宽仁,认定治理天下的关键在于仁义——这既是苏轼所推崇的为君之道,亦是其三国诸侯论的现实性学术价值。

Su Shi is versatile,being good at literature and history,especially in Three Kingdoms.He held a considerable proportion of the comments on the feudal princes of the Three Kingdoms such as Cao Cao,Liu Bei,Sun Quan,Yuan Shao,Dong Zhuo and so on,and the specific performance was the way of being a king.Then,Su Shi's unique comments on the feudal princes of The Three Kingdoms was formed.With the development of the life experience and the change of the real environment,Su Shi explored the feudal princes of the Three Kingdoms from three aspects,such as the reviews of history,the interpretation of the Confucian classics and the poetry.Firstly,Su Shi analyzed the reasons why Cao Cao lost to Sun Liu and destroyed Yuan Shao at the military level,and decided that the key to the strategic decisive victory was to expect the enemy.Secondly,Su Shi analyzed the attitude of Cao Cao,Yuan Shao and Sun Quan towards the their respective ministers'advice,and decided that the key to Stabilizing the internal affairs was inclusiveness.Thirdly,Su Shi analyzed the brutality of Cao Cao and Dong Zhuo,as well as the benevolence of Liu Bei,and decided that the key to governing the world is benevolence and righteousness,which is not only the way of being a king that Su Shi advocated,but also the realistic academic value of the comments on the feudal princes of the Three Kingdoms.