炸药殉爆的研究进展与展望

Research Progress of Sympathetic Detonation of Explosives

炸药是一种在外界激发能量刺激下会反应爆炸并对周围介质做功的物质。因其威力巨大,毁伤效应显著,在武器系统和爆破工程领域得到了广泛应用。殉爆是一炸药被附近另一炸药爆炸引爆的现象。殉爆限制了炸药的生产和储存,不利于大规模应用,因而炸药殉爆成为近年来的研究热点。从炸药殉爆机理、殉爆主要影响因素、殉爆距离测定方法、殉爆距离计算公式和殉爆数值模拟5个方面介绍了炸药殉爆的研究进展;最后,从与实际情况相符性、防殉爆措施研究、与安全规范相符性和数值模拟4个方面对炸药殉爆研究提出了展望。建议提高殉爆研究中主、被发装药数量级,采用多种炸药形态,考虑多种殉爆惰性介质和殉爆影响因素,研究防殉爆措施,将殉爆研究与工程安全设计需求相结合,构建多热点耦合本构模型。

Explosive is a substance that responds to the explosion and performs work to the surrounding medium under the stimulation of external excitation energy.It has been widely used in the field of weapon system and blasting engineering due to its huge power and significant destructive effect.Sympathetic detonation is the phenomenon that one explosive is detonated by another explosive nearby.The existence of sympathetic detonation limits the manufacture and storage of explosives and it is not conducive to large-scale application of explosives.So sympathetic detonation has become a research hotspot in recent years.Developments of the research on sympathetic detonation of explosives were introduced from five aspects:mechanisms of sympathetic detonation,main influencing factors of sympathetic detonation,measurement methods of sympathetic detonation distance,calculation formula of sympathetic detonation distance,and the numerical simulation of sympathetic detonation.Finally,the prospect of the subsequent research on sympathetic detonation of explosives was put forward from four aspects:consistency with the actual situation,research on anti-sympathetic detonation,consistency with safety specifications and numerical simulation.It was suggested to increase the number of donor charge and acceptor charge,adopt various explosive forms,consider various inert media and influencing factors of sympathetic detonation,study anti-sympathetic detonation measures,combine sympathetic detonation study with requirements of engineering safety design,and construct multi-hotspot coupling constitutive models.