空间微生物防护材料研究进展

Research Process of Space Microbial Protection Materials

载人空间站为航天员长期驻留创造了良好环境,同样也为微生物的滋生提供了有利条件。致病微生物会导致航天员生病,真菌和霉菌会腐蚀和降解空间站的各种材料,导致空间站设备故障,出现平台失效和密封性下降等风险。本文对空间站微生物腐蚀现状进行分析,并介绍了目前空间站常用材料的微生物防护现状。从金属粒子、纳米半导体金属氧化物、有机聚合物、疏水涂层以及复合抗菌材料五个方向详细阐述了国内外有关空间微生物防护材料的研究进展。同时结合空间航天器运行特点,对未来空间微生物防护材料的研究方向进行分析及展望。

The friendly environment of space station created for astronauts to stay for a long time also provides favorable conditions for the breeding of microorganisms. Pathogenic macrobiotics can cause astronauts to get sick. Fungi and molds can corrode and degrade various materials of the space station, leading to the failure of equipment and platform. The tightness of the space station also can be influenced. In this paper, the current situation of microbial corrosion in space station is analyzed, and the current situation of corrosion prevention of materials commonly used in space station is introduced. Afterwards, the domestic and international research progresses of space microbial protection materials are summarized from five aspects, metal particles, nano semiconductor metal oxides, organic polymers, hydrophobic coating and composite antibacterial materials. On the basis, combined with the operation characteristics of spacecraft, the future research direction of space microbial protection materials is analyzed and prospected.