航天器热控材料及应用研究进展

Review of Spacecraft Thermal Control Materials and Applications

热控材料是实现航天器热控功能的重要介质,是航天器热控技术发展的基础。航天器热控系统中大量使用多层隔热材料、导热材料、热控涂层、界面材料等均是利用材料自身热物理特性实现航天器温度场的控制。本文从航天器热控材料工程应用角度,综述了航天器热控系统常用的隔热材料、高导热材料、涂层材料及界面材料等四类热控材料的研究与空间应用进展,分析了未来空间科学探测、低温推进剂在轨贮存等空间应用场景在深低温及高温环境下对热控技术的发展需求,提出了对深低温和高温环境下高效隔热材料、特种涂层材料等航天器热控材料的发展建议。

Thermal control material is an important medium to realize the thermal control function of spacecraft, and is the basis for the development of spacecraft thermal control technology. The wide application of multilayer insulation materials, thermal conductive materials, thermal coatings and interface materials in the spacecraft thermal control system, realize the thermal control of spacecraft by using the thermophysical properties of the materials. From the perspective of spacecraft thermal control materials engineering application, we summarize the research and application progresses of four types of thermal control materials commonly used in spacecraft thermal control system, including thermal insulation materials, high thermal conductivity materials, coating materials and interface materials, and prospect the development needs of thermal control technology in deep low and high temperature environment, which will be applied in the future space science probe and low temperature propellant in-orbit storage project. Finally, we put forward suggestions on thermal control materials that may be used in deep low and high temperature environment, such as high thermal insulation materials and coating materials.