延安时期党批评和自我批评的实践探索与经验启示

Practical Exploration,Experience and Enlightenment of the Criticism and Self-Criticism for Party Members During the Yan'an Period

批评和自我批评是党百年来推进自我革命、加强自身建设的一个重要法宝和优良传统。延安时期,党深刻总结和汲取过去党内斗争的经验教训,历经党内高层实践、进行理论准备、整风运动普遍开展、上升为党的优良作风并写入党章等阶段,批评和自我批评逐步发展成熟。在这一过程中积累了党开展批评和自我批评的宝贵历史经验,即确殳正确政治路线是其政治前提、确立坚强领导核心是其组织基础、健全民主集中制是其制度保障、领导干部带头是其关键所在、讲究方法艺术是其必要条件。新时代的中国共产党必须高度重视批评和自我批评在党推进自我革命中的“利器”作用,并且在实践中既要以整风精神勇于开展,又要善于开展批评和自我批评。

Criticism and self-criticism is an important treasure and good tradition of the Chinese Communist Party(CCP)in promoting self-revolution and strengthening its own construction over the past century.During the Yan'an period,the party profoundly reviewed and learned the lessons from internal struggles in the past,the tradition of criticism and self-criticism gradually developed and became mature through various stages of high-level practice within the party,theoretical preparation,the general implementation of the Rectification Campaign,the recognition as a fine tradition of the Party,and the adoption into the Party Constitution.In this process,the Party has accumulated valuable historical experience,namely,the establishment of a correct political line is its political premise,the establishment of a strong leadership core is its organizational foundation,the perfection of democratic centralism is its institutional guarantee,the examples of leaders and cadres are its key,and the art in implementation is its necessary condition.The CCP in the new era must attach great importance to the role of criticism and self-criticism as a“sharp tool”in the party's promotion of self-revolution,and in practice,it should not only be courageous,but also good at carrying out criticism and self-criticism in the spirit of the Rectification Campaign.