基于拓扑关系的水资源配置模型研究及应用

Research on the Water Resources Allocation Model Based on Topological Relationship

“多水源-多用水户”的供水模式是水资源供需紧张地区常见的模式,如何利用这种模式构建合理的水资源配置方案,缓解或解决地区水资源供需矛盾问题是值得研究的课题。提出了一种基于水源-用水户拓扑关系优先级调度的水资源配置模型,该模型将不同地区、行业的用水需求具化到用水户,通过构建水源与用水户之间交互的供用水次序的拓扑关系、用水户受水优先次序、水源之间串联或并联的空间分布关系等等多层次的拓扑关系,以优先级调度为主,通过统一编码得到该地区“水源-用水户”的所有供水行为的次序,以满足地区灌溉、供水设计保证率要求为目标,兼顾用水户之间的公平,来实现水资源的优化配置。以蕲水灌区为研究对象,基于水库、河道、湖泊、地下水、中水回用等5类供水水源,蟹鸭、花园、飞跃、鹞鹰岩、黄河厂等5个计算片,农业灌溉、生活工业等用水类型,考虑节水和退还河道基本生态水量,构建基于水源—用水户拓扑关系的水资源配置模拟模型,进行1956-2018年长系列调算。规划水平年2035年蕲水灌区多年平均总需水2.49亿m^(3),总供水2.38亿m^(3),缺水量0.11亿m^(3),生活工业供水保证率95%,农业灌溉供水保证率80%,满足设计保证率要求,灌区水资源供需实现平衡。结果表明该模型能够较好地模拟“多水源-多用户”的复杂的水资源供需系统的配置计算。

The water supply mode of“multi-source-multi-user”is a common mode in water resources supply and demand tension areas.How to use this mode to construct a reasonable water resources allocation scheme and alleviate or solve the contradiction between supply and demand of regional water resources is a topic worthy of study.In this paper,a water resource allocation model based on the priority scheduling of water source-user topological relationship is proposed.The water demand of different regions and industries is embodied to the water users.By constructing the multi-level topological relationship between the water supply order of the interaction between the water source and the water users,the water receiving priority of the water users,the spatial distribution relationship between the water sources in series or paral⁃lel,and so on,the priority scheduling is given priority to,and the order of all water supply behaviors of the“water source-user”in the re⁃gion is obtained by unified coding.The goal is to meet the requirements of regional irrigation and water supply design guarantee rate,and take into account the fairness between water users.To achieve optimal allocation of water resources.In this paper,Qishui Irrigation area is taken as the research object.Based on five types of water supply sources such as reservoirs,rivers,lakes,groundwater,and reclaimed water reuse,five calculation slices such as Xieya,Huayuan,Feiyue,Yaoyingyan,and Huanghechang,and water use types such as agricultural irrigation and domestic industry,considering water saving and returning the basic ecological water quantity of rivers,a simulation model of water resource allocation based on the topological relationship between water source and water user is constructed to conduct a long series of adjustment from 1956 to 2018.In the planning level year 2035,the average annual total water demand is 2.49×10^(8) m^(3),the total water supply is 2.38×10^(8) m^(3),the water shortage is 0.11×10^(8) m^(3),the assurance rate of domestic and irrigation water supply is 95%and 80%,which meets the requirements,so as to meet the water demand of the irrigation area.The results show that the model can well simulate the allocation of“multi-source-multi-user”complex water supply and demand system.