大学生在突发公共卫生事件中的带头示范效应研究

Study on Leading Demonstration Effect of College Students Behavior in Public Health Emergencies

近年来社会在面对突发公共卫生事件时,逐步从预案设计不科学、资源保障不均衡、管理经验不充分、导致民众恐慌负面情绪蔓延的“谈虎色变”,转变为主动预防、精准控制、信息对称、科学应对、系统化处理的“游刃有余”。大学生日渐成为参与危机管理的“关键少数”,这主要是因为其具有与社会理想相一致的价值观,学科实践与志愿服务相一致的行动力和多专业交叉融合的知识积累,以及良好的思维认知素养、较高的信息媒介素养和完善的社会支持系统,所以这一群体在突发公共卫生事件中具有较强的综合优势。基于此背景,结合现场调研访谈反馈,通过对大学生带头示范效应的育人设计,大学生可在事前发挥常态预防前置预警、事发发挥信息传递沟通协调、事中发挥纠正认知执行处置、事后发挥科研创新科普民众的积极作用,可以更好地在突发公共卫生事件中起到越来越重要的带头示范效应。同时也可以促使高校在人才培养过程中,主动对标“因事而化、因时而进、因势而新”的育人理念因材施教,引领不同专业的大学生在突发公共卫生事件中最大限度地发挥榜样先锋效应。

In recent years,society has gradually shifted from a fearful approach of unscientific plan design,unbalanced resource protection and inadequate management experience leading to the spread of public panic and negative emotions to a comfortable approach of proactive prevention,precise control,information symmetry,scientific response and systematic treatment in the face of public health emergencies.College students are increasingly becoming the key minority to participate in crisis management.This is mainly due to their values in line with social ideals,their mobility in line with disciplinary practice and volunteerism,their knowledge accumulation in multi-disciplinary cross-fertilization,and their good cognitive thinking literacy,high information media literacy and perfect social support system.Therefore,this group has a strong comprehensive advantage in public health emergencies.Based on this background,combined with on-site investigation and interview feedback,this paper considered that this group can play an active role in normal prevention and early warning beforehand,information transmission and communication at the moment the event occur,corrective cognitive implementation and disposal in the event,and scientific research innovation and popularization afterwards,so as to better play an increasingly important leading demonstration effect in public health emergencies.At the same time,it can also encourage universities to take the initiative in the process of talent training to teach people according to the concept of change according to the matter,advance according to the time and new according to the situation,and lead college students of different majors to maximize the pioneering effect of role models in public health emergencies.