新发展阶段相对贫困的教育治理机制与行动路径

Educational Governance Mechanism and Action Path of Relative Poverty in the New Development Stage

相对贫困本质上是一种社会排斥现象,集中反映为贫困人口在有限的社会资源竞争中处于弱势。新发展阶段,我国相对贫困的界定与测度不仅存在一般性特征,而且还具有独特的中国视角和时代特点。鉴于相对贫困源于贫困人口心力资本低、人力资本弱、社会资本乏等多重发展性因素叠加,教育必然成为相对贫困治理的重要选择。教育通过“强心”“增能”和“赋权”,可提升相对贫困人口的心力资本、人力资本和社会资本,助力相对贫困人口跨越相对贫困区间。在新发展阶段,相对贫困的治理:一要“做实”基础教育,改变相对贫困人口的“认知图式”,优化其心力资本以治理心理性贫困;二要“做优”职业教育,增强相对贫困家庭的“可行能力”,提升其人力资本以治理经济性贫困;三要“做强”高等教育,拓展相对贫困人群的学缘、业缘和姻缘等互动关系,提高其社会资本质量以治理社会性贫困。

Relative poverty is essentially a phenomenon of social exclusion,which is mainly reflected in the fact that the poor are in a weak position in the limited competition of social resources.In the new development stage,the definition and measurement of China's relative poverty not only have general characteristics,but also hold a unique Chinese perspective and characteristics of the times.Given that relative poverty originates from the superposition of multiple developmental factors,such as poor people's low mental capital,weak human capital and lack of social capital,education must become an important option for relative poverty governance.Education can enhance the mental capital,human capital and social capital of relatively poor people through“strengthening the mind”,“increasing energy”and“empowering”,and help the relatively poor people cross the relative poverty range.In the new development stage,the governance of relative poverty includes the following three aspects.First,we should“do a solid job”in basic education,change the“cognitive schema”of the relatively poor people,and optimize their mental capital to govern psychological poverty.Second,we should improve vocational education,strengthen the“feasible ability”of relatively poor families,and enhance their human capital to reduce economic poverty.Third,we should strengthen higher education,expand the interactive relationship among the relatively poor in terms of academic,career and marriage,and improve the quality of their social capital in order to address social poverty.