马克思《穆勒评注》中对个人占有的政治哲学批判

Marx's Political Critique of Personal Possession in the Commentaries on Mill

对于《穆勒评注》的解读,学者多倾向于直接建立起马克思与穆勒之间的对话,并将货币异化或交往异化看作是对异化劳动论的补充。当文本考察从经济异化进入到政治异化,马克思对个人占有的批判就从显性和隐性两个层面逐渐呈现出来,他首先批判并否定了资本主义生产关系下个人占有的合理性,接着批判并否定了资本主义生产关系下个人占有的合法性。通过前者,马克思完成了对穆勒式个人占有问题的理性去蔽,揭示出货币的存在属性、商品契约的异化属性以及市民社会的异化属性。通过后者,马克思指明了货币交换所致的形式需要与现实需要之间的错位,戳破并消解了洛克式原始正义的虚假自洽。马克思在文中所实现的政治哲学批判,本质上是为探寻无产阶级于私有财产束缚下实现自由解放寻找新的可能性。

For the interpretation of the Commentaries on Mill,most of the theorists tend to directly establish the dialogue between Marx and Mill,and regard monetary alienation or communication alienation as a supplement to the theory of alienated labor.When text from economic alienation into the political alienation,Marx's criticism of the personal possession had been present out gradually,first he criticized and negated the rationality of personal possession under the capitalist production relations,and then critique and denied the legitimacy of the capitalist production relations of personal possession.Through the former,Marx completed the rational removal of muller's personal possession problem,and revealed the existence attribute of money,the alienation attribute of commodity contract and the alienation attribute of civil society.Through the latter,Marx pointed out the dislocation between the formal need and the realization need caused by currency exchange,punctured and dispelled the false self-consistency of Locke's original justice.Marx's critique of political philosophy in the text is essentially to explore new possibilities for the proletariat to achieve freedom and liberation under the bondage of private property.