南昌地区“全面三孩”背景下已婚育龄女性的生育意愿及其影响因素分析

Fertility Intention of Married Women of Childbearing Age and Its Influencing Factors under“Universal Three-Child”Background in Nanchang

目的了解南昌地区“全面三孩”背景下已婚育龄女性的生育意愿及其影响因素。方法采用问卷星软件调查南昌地区已婚育龄女性对“全面三孩”政策的知晓情况及态度、目前的生育情况、生育意愿以及影响生育意愿的相关因素。结果1)96.20%的被调查女性表示了解“全面三孩”政策及配套措施;80.12%表示支持三孩政策。2)被调查的女性中,已生育者1270例,其中已生育一孩占46.30%;生育二孩占38.82%;生育三孩及以上者仅占14.88%。已生育者,妊娠顺利者占70.94%,母儿相关并发症比例总和为29.06%;顺利阴道分娩者占60.87%;行阴道助产者占9.37%;行剖宫产终止妊娠者占32.28%;异常分娩占比较高。3)随着女性年龄的增加,其生育意愿逐渐下降(P<0.001);身为独生子女的女性,有更高的生育意愿(P<0.001);女性受教育程度、年收入越高、在事业单位、企业工作的女性、生育意愿越低(P<0.001)。在未生育的女性中,96%有生育意愿,仅4%无生育意愿,但女性二孩生育意愿只有53%,三孩生育意愿为21%,三孩以上仅为10%;仅生育女孩者,与仅生育男孩及儿女双全者相比,再生育意愿更高(P<0.001)。结论绝大多数育龄女性有生育意愿,但二孩、三孩生育意愿不高,其影响因素有年龄、是否为独生子女、受教育程度、职业女性、年收入、生育次数、现有子女性别、前次妊娠并发症、前次分娩方式等。

Objective To understand the fertility intention of married women of childbearing age and its influencing factors under the background of“universal three-child”in Nanchang.Methods Questionnaire Star software was used to investigate the awareness and attitude of married women of childbearing age in Nanchang to the“universal three-child”policy,as well as their current childbearing situation and willingness to bear children and the related factors affecting their willingness to bear children.Results Among the women surveyed,96.20%said they understood the“comprehensive three-child”policy and supporting measures,80.12%expressed support for the policy.Among 1270 women who had given birith,46.30%had one child,38.82%had a second child,and only 14.88%had three or more children.Among those who had given birth,70.94%had a successful pregnancy(the total proportion of maternal and child-related complications was 29.06%),60.87%underwent successful vaginal delivery,9.37%underwent vaginal midwifery,and 32.28%underwent cesarean section to terminate pregnancy.Abnormal delivery accounted for a higher proportion.The willingness of the women to bear children gradually decreased with age(P<0.001).However,women who were only children had higher willingness to bear children(P<0.001).Women with higher education level or annual income and those working in public institutions and enterprises had lower fertility willingness(P<0.001).Among women who had not given birth,96%had fertility intention,4%had no fertility intention,53%wanted to have a second child,21%wanted to have a third child,and only 10%wanted to have three or more children.The women who only gave birth to girls had higher willingness to have children than those who only gave birth to boys and both children(P<0.001).Conclusion The vast majority of women of childbearing age have the willingness to bear children,but not the second and third children.The factors influencing fertility intention of women include age,only children,education level,professional females,annual income,number of childbearing,gender of existing children,complications of previous pregnancy,and previous mode of delivery.