“东数西算”背景下大型数据中心建设对电网规划的影响研究

Research on the Influence of Large-scale Data Center Construction on Power Grid Planning Under the Background of East Digital West Computing

随着数字新基建的不断发展,数据中心单机柜功率密度不断增加,数据中心耗电量大、用电成本高的问题也越来越突出。将数据中心有序向清洁能源丰富的西部转移,不仅可促进数据中心绿色发展,就地消纳风、光等绿色能源,而且能减少线路上远距离传输的功率。在此背景下,研究数据中心对电网规划的影响非常有意义。首先,考虑数据中心负荷情况,建立了数据中心的能耗模型,并根据风电场与光伏电站出力的概率密度函数,构建考虑数据中心在内的电网规划双层模型。上层以每条线路是否建设为优化对象,以线路投资费用最小为目标函数,得到电网规划方案。下层按照网架结构并考虑数据中心用能特性,以储能系统的投资成本、风光未利用惩罚成本之和最小为目标函数对储能系统进行优化配置,将储能系统容量返回上层作为系统潮流约束的一部分进行下一次优化。采用改进型粒子群算法和YALMIP联合求解。最后,用改进的18节点算例系统验证了所提模型与方法的可行性和有效性。

With the continuous development of new digital infrastructure,the power density of a single cabinet in a data center is increasing,resulting in high power consumption and high electricity cost.Orderly transfer of data centers to the west,where clean energy is abundant,can not only promote green development of data centers,but also reduce power transmission over long distances on the lines.In this context,the paper studies the influence of data center on power grid planning.Firstly,considering the load of data center,the energy consumption model of data center is established,and according to the probability density function of wind farm and photovoltaic power station output,a two-layer model of power grid planning is built considering data center.The upper layer takes the construction of each line as the optimization object and the minimum annual investment cost of the line as the objective function to obtain the grid planning scheme.The lower layer optimizes the configuration of the energy storage system according to the grid structure and considering the energy consumption characteristics of the data center,and returns the charge and discharge power of the energy storage system to the upper layer for the next optimization as part of the system power flow constraint.An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and YALMIP are used to solve the problem.Finally,an improved 18-node system is used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and method.