遵义市播州区辣椒移栽期气象条件分析

Meteorological Conditions during Pepper Transplanting in Bozhou District of Zunyi City

为深入研究播州区辣椒移栽期气象条件,利用播州国家气象观测站1981-2021年气温、雨量等数据和20个常规气象观测站2011-2021年雨量、气温数据,采用统计方法分析4-5月辣椒移栽期气候特征。结果表明:5月干旱频率和强度均比4月重,1981-2021年4-5月年干旱日数在30 d以上的有7 a,均包含-3等级及以上的干旱;透雨年平均日数在4~6 d之间,中东部多于西部;透雨、大雨、暴雨出现日数5月多于4月,大雨出现概率较少,暴雨在4月上旬和中旬没有出现过;4月最低气温<10℃为6.54 d,最低气温10~15℃为15.75 d,对辣椒移栽及成活影响较大;5月最低气温<10℃仅0.62 d,最低气温<15℃为12.92 d,对辣椒移栽影响较小。综合各要素看,4月下旬-5月上旬干旱频次较低、透雨次数较多、气温总体回暖,移栽后受低温冻害可能性降低,较适宜辣椒移栽。

In order to deeply study the meteorological conditions of pepper transplanting period in Bozhou district,the climatic characteristics of pepper transplanting period from April to May were analyzed by statistical method based on the data of temperature and rainfall of Bozhou national meteorological observation station from 1981 to 2021 and the data of rainfall and temperature of 20 conventional meteorological observation stations from 2011 to 2021.The results show that the frequency and intensity of drought in May are heavier than those in April.From 1981 to 2021,there are 7 years with annual drought days of more than 30 days from April to May,including drought of-3 grade and above;The average annual days of soaking rain are between 4~6 days,and the Middle East is more than the West;The occurrence days of soaking rain,heavy rain and rainstorm are more in May than in April,the occurrence probability of heavy rain is less,and the rainstorm has not occurred in the first ten days and the middle of April;In April,the lowest temperature is 6.54 days below 10℃,and the lowest temperature is 15.75 days at 10~15℃,which has a great impact on pepper transplanting and survival;In May,the minimum temperature below 10℃was only 0.62 days,and the minimum temperature below 15℃was 12.92 days,which had little impact on pepper transplanting.From the perspective of various factors,from late April to early May,the drought frequency is low,the number of rain penetration is more,the temperature is generally warmer,and the possibility of low temperature and freezing injury is reduced after transplanting,which is more suitable for pepper transplanting.