基于生态系统服务与生态环境敏感性评价的生态安全格局构建研究

Research on Ecological Security Pattern Construction Based on the Evaluation of Ecosystem Services and Eco-Environmental Sensitivity

生态安全是国家安全的重要组成部分,构建生态安全格局对保障区域生态安全和实现可持续发展具有重要意义.生态系统服务与生态环境敏感性评价能够揭示区域生态系统质量和生态产品供给能力,为生态安全格局构建提供科学基础.本文以宁夏回族自治区为研究对象,基于生态系统服务与生态环境敏感性评价识别重要生态源地,并采用最小累积阻力(minimal cumulative resistance,MCR)模型识别重要生态廊道与关键生态节点,进而构建了宁夏的生态安全格局.结果表明:①宁夏生态系统服务极重要性区域面积为14280.05 km^(2),主要分布于西北部贺兰山、东部哈巴河、中部罗山及南部六盘山地区.生态系统极敏感区域面积为7340.58 km^(2),主要分布于宁夏南部水土流失治理区和沙坡头区沙漠化防治区.②将评价结果与自然保护地空间分布相结合,综合确定全区生态源地面积为16300 km^(2),主要包括西北、东部、南部山地以及黄河沿线区域.生态安全缓冲区按照高、中、低水平分别占研究区总面积的67.93%、22.92%和9.15%.③识别生态廊道为64条,生态节点12个,均呈现中部密集、南北稀疏的空间分布特征,与生态源地分布及其破碎程度相符.④以研究区现有生态安全格局为基础,提出“一廊三屏四区多节点”生态安全格局优化策略.研究显示,基于生态系统服务与生态环境敏感性评价的生态源地选择方法是在现有研究范式下对生态格局构建研究的补充,同时研究结果将为宁夏生态安全格局优化以及国土空间修复提供重要参考.

Ecological security is an important part of national security.Ecological security pattern construction is of great significance for ensuring regional ecological security and achieving sustainable development.This study selected Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as the study area and identified important ecological sources based on the ecosystem services and eco-environment sensitivity evaluation result.The minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model was used to identify ecological corridors and key ecological nodes,and develop an ecological security pattern in the study area.The results show that:(1)The area of important ecosystem services is 14,280.05 km^(2),primarily distributed in the Helan Mountains in the northwest,Habahe in the east,Luoshan in the middle,and Liupanshan in the south.The sensitive area of the ecosystem is 7,340.58 km^(2),primarily distributed in the soil erosion control and desertification control areas in the southern Ningxia and Shapotou districts,respectively.(2)When the evaluation results were combined with the spatial distribution of nature reserves,the ecological source area of the whole region was determined to be 16,300 km^(2),including mountainous in the northwest,east and south of Ningxia,and the belt area along the Yellow River.The ecological security buffer zone accounted for 67.93%,22.92%and 9.15%of the total area of Ningxia according to high,medium,and low levels,respectively.(3)There are 64 ecological corridors and 12 ecological nodes,all of which are dense in the middle and sparse in the north and south,which is consistent with the distribution of ecological sources and their degree of fragmentation.(4)Based on the ecological security pattern in the study area,the optimization strategy of‘one corridor,three protective screens,four districts and multiple nodes’ecological security pattern is proposed.The research shows that the ecological source selection method based on ecosystem services and eco-environment sensitivity evaluation is a supplement to the research on ecological pattern construction under the existing research paradigm,and the research results will provide important reference for the optimization of the ecological security pattern and land space restoration in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.