民办大学的自治逻辑及展开

Autonomy of Private Universities:Logic and Development

民办大学学生权利如何进行司法救济,取决于民办大学相较于公立大学在自治问题上是否存在差异以及有无必要承认该差异。基于对大学自治生成逻辑的考察,作为学术自由权制度性保障的大学自治在本质上是一种自治行政,其专属于公立大学而适用,但这并非意味着民办大学就属“他治”。基于私人兴学自由权的推论,民办大学享有私法上的自治权,即私校自治。在自治界限上,私校自治与大学自治相比,二者既有量的区别,也有质的差异,前者理应享有更大的自治空间。为保障私校自治背后所担保的私人兴学自由权,有必要承认民办大学、公立大学在自治问题上的差异。相应的,民办大学与学生之间的法律关系应被认定为私法契约关系。在此基础上,透过民法上的概括条款,藉由民事诉讼对民办大学之学生权利予以救济。

How to provide judicial relief for students’rights in private universities depends on whether there are differences in the autonomy between private universities and public universities and whether it is necessary to recognize the differences.Based on the investigation of the logic of the formation of university autonomy,university autonomy,as the institutional guarantee of academic freedom,is essentially a kind of autonomous administration,which is exclusively applicable to public universities.But this does not mean that private universities are“heterogeneous.”Based on the inference of the right to freedom of private education,private universities have the autonomy in private law,that is,the autonomy of private schools.In terms of the boundary of autonomy,there are both quantitative and qualitative differences between private school autonomy and university autonomy.The former should have greater autonomy.In order to protect the right to freedom of private education guaranteed behind the autonomy of private schools,it is necessary to recognize the differences between private universities and public universities in terms of autonomy.Correspondingly,the legal relationship between a private university and its students should be identified as a private law contractual relationship.On this basis,through the general provisions of the civil law,students in private universities can get relief for their rights through civil litigation.