玉米肥料配方验证及减施效果试验研究

Experimental Study on the Correction and Reducing Application Effect of Corn Fertilizer Formula

为防止玉米化肥施用量过大导致土壤板结,开展玉米商品有机肥替代化肥不同使用量效果试验。结果表明:有机肥与减施配方施肥优势较为明显,667 m^(2)玉米产量达到889.64 kg,比常规施肥增产4.14%,比常规施肥增收86.96元;玉米配方施肥及有机肥替代化肥在苗期差别不明显;拔节期和大喇叭口期常规施肥、配方施肥及少量有机肥替代化肥长势较好;成熟期少量有机肥替代化肥的株高、茎粗及收获时穗数、穗粒数、百粒重、产量、纯收益均优于常规施肥处理;配方施肥及大量有机肥替代化肥在生育期没有优势,产量及收益不及常规施肥。使用少量有机肥替代化肥既能提高作物产量及收益,还能改良土壤、改善生态环境、提供优质农产品。

In order to prevent the excessive application of corn chemical fertilizer from leading to soil compaction,the effect test of corn commercial organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer was carried out.The results showed that:The advantages of organic fertilizer and reducing application formula fertilization were more obvious.The yield of 667 m^(2) corn reached 889.64 kg,4.14%higher than that of conventional fertilizer,and the income increased by 86.96 yuan compared with conventional fertilization;The difference between corn formula fertilizer and organic fertilizer replacement of chemical fertilizer in the seedling stage is not obvious;In jointing stage and flare opening stage,conventional fertilization,formula fertilization and a small amount of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer had better growth;The plant height,stem diameter,panicle number,kernel number per panicle,100 kernel weight,yield and net yield of a small amount of organic fertilizer at maturity were better than those of conventional fertilizer treatment;Formula fertilization and a large amount of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer have no advantages in the growth period,the yield and benefits are not as good as conventional fertilization.Using a small amount of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer can not only increase crop yield and benefit,but also improve soil,ecological environment and provide high-quality agricultural products.