唐代乡试问题研究--从韩愈《赠张童子序》一文谈起

A Study on the Local Examination in the Tang Dynasty Based on Han Yu's "Preface to Zhang Tongzi"

韩愈《赠张童子序》一文述及唐代乡试问题,历来论者鲜有详察。唐代乡试以明经和进士科为主,荐送名额分配至地方。乡贡明经名额自中唐后下降较大,乡贡进士下降不多。地方解送考试中,县试多半流于形式,州府试执行得较好。乡贡举子身份待遇和名位均不同于平民,这也是众多文人哪怕省试通过的希望不大也要追逐的原因。

Han Yu’s Preface to Zhang Tongzi, in which the local examination in the Tang Dynasty was described, had never been studied in detail by commentators. In the Tang Dynasty, the provincial examination was mainly based on the Ming-Jing section and the Jin-Shi section, with recommended quota allocated to the local governments. Since the Mid Tang Dynasty, the township quota of Ming-Jing has decreased greatly while the township quota of Jinshi scholars had not decreased much. In the local transfer examination, the county-level examination was mostly a mere formality, while the state-level examination was well implemented. The social status and treatment of Xiang Gong Ju Zi scholars were different from that of Bai Ding, the ordinary people, which was the goal that many scholars would pursue even if they had little hope of passing the provincial test.