问题及矫正:认罪认罚案件中量刑建议制度完善研究--兼评最高人民检察院印发的《量刑建议指导意见》

Problems and correction:research on the perfection of sentencing suggestion system in cases of confession and punishment--Concurrent comments on the supreme procuratorate’s guiding opinions on sentencing recommendations

认罪认罚案件中的量刑建议具有凝结审前程序中控辩双方共识、约束审判程序中控审关系的特殊效力,在整个认罪认罚从宽制度中处于枢纽地位。目前,量刑建议制度在实施过程中存在的主要问题是:在形成环节正当性不足,在采纳环节控审双方共识性不强,在调整环节规范性不够,在法院审查环节全面性缺位。这些问题的产生不仅与长期以来我国刑事诉讼活动中控辩双方权力(利)失衡的诉讼结构有关,还与检察机关不断自我去客观中立的诉讼立场有关,同时也与法官对审判权力的原则固守有关。虽然最高人民检察院出台的《量刑建议指导意见》对认罪认罚案件中的量刑建议制度做了一些规范与调整,但仍需在以下几方面予以完善:一是改善辩护律师“角色失语”的尴尬处境,扩大控辩协商的合意空间;二是控辩双方需要充分运用法律给予的空间与权力(利),通过各种有效的方式进行沟通,提高量刑建议的可被接受性;三是需要对量刑建议的调整与审查进行全面、明确规范,在保持量刑建议效力刚性的同时,使量刑建议具有一定的弹性与张力。

Sentencing suggestion plays a pivotal role in the whole leniency system of confession and punishment.It is not only the crystallization of the agreement between the prosecution and the defense in the pre-trial procedure,but also an important object of judicial review in the whole trial procedure.However,there are many disadvantages to be solved now in the implementation of sentencing suggestion:first,the legitimacy of sentencing suggestion in the formation process is insufficient;secondly,the consensus between the prosecution and the trial is not forceful in the adoption of sentencing suggestion;thirdly,the sentencing suggestion are not standardized enough in the court review.The emergence of these problems is not only related to the litigation structure of the imbalance of power between the prosecution and the defense in China’s criminal litigation activities for a long time,but also related to the procuratorial organ’s litigation position of“objective neutrality”and the judge’s adherence to the principle of judicial power.In this regard,we should reshape the justifiability of the formation process of sentencing suggestion with legitimacy,ensure the acceptability of the results of sentencing suggestion with rationality,and create the standardization of the review process of sentencing suggestion with comprehensiveness,so as to overcome the dilemma faced by sentencing suggestion in current confession and punishment cases.