明代贡舫船舶发展初探

A preliminary study on the development of tribute ships in Ming Dynasty

明代造船业发达,船只种类众多。其中,黄船、马船、快船的用途有较大变化,开始服务于皇室,被明人称为贡舫。贡舫的特殊性导致监管不严、官吏贪墨等现象时有发生,而朝廷加强对其监管的措施却使贡舫体系日益庞大且复杂,造成了国家资源的更大浪费。通过对贡舫船只发展的探究,可以窥见明代官方对特种船只的改造和使用的变化及明代中后期贡舫的运输组织情况和管理上的弊端。

The shipbuilding industry in Ming Dynasty was developed,and shipbuilders built various kinds of ships for the country.Among them,the use of yellow boats,horse boats and fast boats changed greatly and began to serve the imperial family,which were called“tribute boats”by Ming people.However,due to the special nature of“tribute boats”,it led to lax supervision and corruption of officials,and the court made the system of“tribute boats”become huge and complicated in order to strengthen its supervision,which caused a greater waste of national resources.Through the exploration of the development of“tribute boats”,we can not only find out the transformation and utilization of special boats by Ming officials,but also get a glimpse of the shortcomings of transportation organization and management in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.