广州市在校大学生健康素养现状及影响因素分析

Analysis on the Status of Health Literacy and its Influencing Factors among College Students in Guangzhou

目的了解广州市在校大学生健康素养的影响因素,为开展有针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法于2020年6-7月采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,在广州市根据办学层次和院校属性选取本科院校3所,高职院校4所,以在校大学生为对象对其进行网络问卷调查。结果广州市在校大学生健康素养总水平为47.8%;3个方面健康素养水平由高到低依次为健康生活方式与行为素养(63.0%)、基本健康技能素养(53.1%)和基本健康知识和理念素养(39.6%);6类健康问题素养水平由高到低依次为安全与急救素养(81.4%)、科学健康观素养(66.8%)、健康信息素养(58.8%)、基本医疗素养(44.5%)、传染病防治素养(43.4%)和慢性病防治素养(41.0%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年级、学校层次、专业类型、父亲文化程度、母亲文化程度、父亲职业和母亲职业、自评健康状况是广州市大学生健康素养水平的主要影响因素。结论应从家庭、学校和社区层面有针对性地开展健康教育工作,提高广州市在校大学生的健康素养水平。

Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of health literacy of college students in Guangzhou,and to provide the scientific basis for determining intervention strategies of improving the students′health literacy.Methods The multi-stage cluster random sampling method was conducted and an online questionnaire survey on health literacy of college students from 3 undergraduate colleges and 4 higher vocational colleges in Guangzhou according to the school running level and college attributes from June to July 2020.Results The total level of health literacy of college students in Guangzhou was 47.8%.The proportions of 3 aspects of health literacy were healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy(63.0%),health skill literacy(53.1%)and basic knowledge and concept literacy(39.6%)in turn.The proportions of 6 types of health problems literacy level were safety and first aid literacy(81.4%),scientific health concept literacy(66.8%),health information literacy(58.8%),basic medical treatment literacy(44.5%),prevention and control of infectious disease literacy(43.4%)and prevention and control of chronic disease literacy(41.0%).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that grade,school type,major,father′s education level,mother′s education level,father′s occupation,mother′s occupation and self-rated health status were the main influencing factors of college students′health literacy level.Conclusion Health education should be carried out at the family,school and community levels to improve the health literacy level of college students in Guangzhou.