西部地区县域碳排放核算及主体功能区解析——以四川省为例

County-level carbon emission accounting and Major Function Oriented Zones in western regions: Taking Sichuan Province as an example

科学认知区域碳排放是开展碳减排研究的基础性工作,主体功能区诸多政策都直接或间接与碳中和相关,分析不同功能定位的地域单元碳排放特征,有利于制定符合各地区功能定位的碳减排政策。选取城市化地区、农产品主产区、重点生态功能区比较典型的四川省,核算了2010—2017年各类主体功能区的碳排放量,以主体功能区为视角分析不同空间组分碳排放格局特征,结果显示:(1)四川省县域尺度碳排放整体上呈现东高西低的空间分布格局,碳排放具有明显核心—边缘结构特征,以成都平原为核心、攀枝花为次核心向外依次梯度降低。(2)主体功能区间碳排放量差异明显,城市化地区是碳排放的主要承载区和碳排放变化的主要贡献区,农产品主产区和重点生态功能区碳排放量远低于城市化地区,重点生态功能区碳排放强度显著高于城市化地区和农产品主产区(P<0.05),需引起关注。(3)第二产业是各类主体功能区碳排放的主要来源,城市化地区第二产业碳排放比重高于其他主体功能区,农产品主产区和重点生态功能区居民生活碳排放比重则高于城市化地区。(4)立足各类主体功能区功能定位,从结构、技术角度讨论了各类主体功能区的碳减排政策措施,同时强调加强主体功能区区际合作,着眼全局,降低碳排放强度、减少碳排放量。

Scientific recognition of regional carbon emissions characteristics is the foundation for carbon emission reduction research. Policies of the Major Function Oriented Zones(MFOZs) are related to carbon neutrality directly or indirectly. Analyzing the characteristics of regional carbon emissions in different MFOZs is conducive to formulating policies in line with the functions of each zone. This study calculates the carbon emissions and analyzes its characteristics of the MFOZs from 2010 to 2017 in Sichuan Province. The results show that:(1) Sichuan Province′s county-level carbon emissions present an obvious spatial distribution. Most counties in the western Sichuan Province belong to low emissions type, while most counties in the eastern Sichuan Province belong to high emissions type. There is an obvious core-periphery structure of carbon emissions, and emissions follow a circling layer pattern spatially differentiated against the distances to the regional core. Carbon emissions gradually decrease outwards from the core of Chengdu Plain and the secondary core of Panzhihua City.(2) There are obvious differences among MFOZs carbon emissions. The urbanized zones are the main part of carbon emissions with huge emissions. Changes in carbon emissions in the urbanized areas directly lead to changes in overall carbon emissions. The carbon emissions of foodstuff-security zones and ecological safety zones are much lower than urbanized zones. Carbon emission intensity of ecological safety zones significantly higher than that of other two zones(P<0.05). Ecological safety zones require attention due to higher carbon emissions intensity.(3) The secondary industry plays an important role in carbon emissions in urbanized zones, foodstuff-security zones and ecological safety zones. The secondary industry is the main source of carbon emissions. The proportion of carbon emissions from the secondary industry in urbanized zones is the highest, while the proportion of residential carbon emissions in foodstuff-security zones and ecological safety zones is higher.(4) Based on the functional positioning of each zone, the carbon emissions reduction measures and policies of each zone should focus on their own carbon emission problems. Urbanized zones should accelerate upgrading the industrial structure and advocate a low-carbon life for citizens. The foodstuff-security zones and ecological safety zones should strictly limit the scale of industrial activities, especially high energy-intensive industries. Finally, decision maker should strengthen the inter-zone cooperation of the MFOZs, reduce carbon emission intensity and carbon emissions in a whole. Government should accelerate urbanization process, advocate people of two other zones migrating into urbanized zones. Urbanized zones should provide technical support for ecological safety zones to improve energy efficiency.