生态保护红线监管台账关键技术研究与应用

Research on the key technology of ecological conservation redline supervision ledger

生态保护红线是保障和维护国家生态安全的底线和生命线。生态保护红线监管台账是开展生态保护红线监管工作的重要基础。研究结合生态保护红线“生态功能不降低、面积不减少、性质不改变”的监管目标,设计了基于“空间台账-表单台账”相融合的台账组织与管理方式,研究了生态保护红线全生命周期监管、全要素精细化监管、时空一体化监管的台账建设关键技术。同时,以宁夏回族自治区泾源县为例,建设了泾源县2010—2020年生态保护红线5大类24本台账,并进行了台账应用分析。结果表明:(1)泾源县生态保护红线面积占比51.07%,其中绝大部分自然保护地都纳入了红线。(2)生态保护红线内林地、草地分别占红线面积89.55%和9.86%,表明绝大部分红线区域为自然生态系统。(3)生态保护红线内居民点数量占整个县的12.76%,居民点密度很低。(4)2010—2019年期间,生态保护红线内生长季植被覆盖度总体保持稳定,与降雨量呈正相关趋势。(5)生态保护红线内的水源涵养、水土保持、防风固沙量分别占整个县的77.39%、67.72%、61.43%,表明红线区域保护了生态空间内绝大部分的重要生态功能。

Ecological conservation redline is the bottom line and lifeline for safeguarding and maintaining nationally ecological security. The ledger of ecological conservation redline is an important foundation for the supervision of ecological conservation redline. In view of the supervision goal of “no reduction of ecological function, no reduction of area and no change of nature”, this paper designs a ledger organization and management method integrating space account and form account, and studies the key technologies of the ledger construction including full life cycle supervision, all elements refinement supervision and spatiotemporal integration supervision. Meanwhile, taking Jingyuan County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as an example, it constructed 24 books of redline supervision ledgers in 5 categories from 2010 to 2020 and analyzed the application of ledger. The results show that:(1) the percent of ecological conservation redline area in Jingyuan County is 51.07% and most of the nature reserves are included.(2) the forest land and grassland within the ecological conservation redline account for 89.55% and 9.86%, indicating that most of the redline areas are natural ecosystems.(3) the number of residential areas within the ecological conservation redline accounts for 12.76% of the whole county, and the density is very low.(4) from 2010 to 2019, the vegetation coverage in the growing season within the ecological conservation redline remained basically stable, and showed a positive correlation with rainfall.(5) the water conservation, water and soil conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation within the redline account for 77.39%, 67.72% and 61.43% of the whole county respectively, indicating that most of the important ecological functions in the ecological space are protected.