摘要
Among the studies of the internal efficiency in higher education,most have focused on the scale of university(the economies of scale),but little on internal operating efficiency in higher education,especially on the combined efficiency of outputs(the economies of scope).There are few theoretical discussions or experimental research on whether teaching resources are complementary with research resources,or whether resources in undergraduate cultivation are shared with those in postgraduate training.In the background of the resource scarcity,it is significant to study the economies of scope in higher education to realize intensive development of higher education.Based on the multiproduct cost function and the data of universities attached to the Ministry of Education,this paper attempts to deal with the complementarities of resources used in undergraduate cultivation,postgraduate training and research to find that universities produce these outputs without sufficient resource sharing,the diseconomies of scope in postgraduate training is highest.As far as the quality of teaching and research are concerned,diseconomies of scope of the outputs are great.The main reasons are as follows:poor distribution of facilities,teachers and books,overlapping internal management systems,and the current postgraduate cultivation model.Therefore,relative departments should take internal resource sharing in higher education into account when making the administration policy of higher education.
已有的关于中国高校效率的文献多集中于研究高校的规模(规模经济),更深层次的关于高校内部运行效率尤其是内部产出组合效率(范围经济)的研究寥寥无几。中国高校的教学和科研资源是否互补、本科生教育和研究生培养资源是否共享等重大问题缺少理论探讨和经验研究。在高等教育资源稀缺的现实背景下,研究高校范围经济对于实现中国高等教育内涵式发展意义重大。使用多产出成本函数,并利用教育部直属高校数据对中国高校的本科生教育、研究生培养和科研活动之间的资源互补状况进行的研究发现:中国高校提供这些产出时未充分共享资源,其中研究生的培养较为孤立,范围不经济程度较高;在考虑中国高校的教学和科研质量后,高校产出间的资源不共享程度更为加大。反思范围不经济的原因,主要在于中国高校的设备、师资、图书的条块分割和内部管理体制的交叉重叠,同时,现行的研究生培养方式导致了研究生培养的相对割裂。因此,有关部门在制定高等教育管理政策时应充分考虑到高校内部资源的共享和互补,还应重视学校的类型和办学地点对高校内部资源配置的影响。
