建筑扬尘泡沫抑尘剂的性能研究

Performance of Foam Dust Suppressant for Construction Fugitive Dust

为有效治理建筑扬尘对环境的污染,提出了泡沫抑尘新技术。介绍了泡沫抑尘技术的原理,并在前期预实验的基础上,开展了建筑扬尘泡沫抑尘剂配制和性能研究以及其抑尘效果的应用研究。结果表明:(1)以发泡剂(K12A)、稳泡剂(NaCl)、保水剂(甘油)为原料,经正交实验确定泡沫抑尘剂的最佳配方为质量浓度1%的K12A、0.8%的NaCl、0.8%的甘油;(2)经泡沫抑尘剂处理后尘样的研究发现,表面活性剂(K12A)能够增大泡沫抑尘剂的黏度,降低其表面张力,进而增大其对尘样的固化效果及在其中的渗透性,而添加保水剂可以减少尘样中水分的蒸发,进而增强其保水性;(3)泡沫抑尘覆盖试验结果显示,在室温、五级风吹蚀环境下,覆盖尘样的泡沫层存留时间长、稳定性好;(4)对经泡沫抑尘剂处理后尘样的抗风蚀性、抗雨蚀性和抗高温蒸发性等抑尘效果的应用研究发现,该泡沫抑尘剂可以增强尘粒间黏结性,进而提高其抗风蚀性和抗雨水侵蚀性,而保水剂可增强其抗高温蒸发性,经50℃高温烘烤8 h后尘样的含水率仍高于4%。该研究成果可为建筑扬尘治理提供新技术支持。

In order to effectively control the pollution of the environment by construction fugitive dust, this paper proposes a new techno-logy of foam dust suppression.The principle of foam dust suppressant technology was introduced, and on the basis of pre-test, the foam dust suppressant was prepared, and dust suppression performance and the application was studied.The results are as follows:(1)The optimal formula determined by the orthogonal test using foaming agent(K12 A),foam stabilizer(NaCl),and water-retaining agent(glycerin) as raw materials is mass concentration of 1% K12 A,0.8% NaCl and 0.8% glycerin;(2)The research on samples treated with dust suppressant shows that surfactant(K12 A) can increase the viscosity of the dust suppressant and reduce its surface tension, further increasing its curing effect and its permeability for the dust samples;and the addition of water-retaining agent can reduce the evaporation of water in dust samples and enhance their water retention;(3)The experiment of the foam coverage for dust suppression shows that the foam layer remains for a long time with good stability under conditions of room temperature and five-level wind erosion;(4)Studies upon after-treatment indicators such as wind erosion resistance, rain erosion resistance and high temperature evaporation resistance show two facts: one is dust suppressant can enhance the adhesion between dust particles, with an effort to improve its resistance to wind and rain, and the other is water retention agent can enhance its resistance to high temperature evaporation, which means, the moisture content of the dust samples is still higher than 4% after baking at 50℃ for 8 hours.The results of this research can provide new technical support for construction fugitive dust control.