马克思的正义观:超越古典与启蒙的真理探寻

Marx Karl’s View on Justice:Searching for Truth Beyond the Classical and the Enlightened

马克思的正义观始终都处于以启蒙主义为分际的政治思想史论辩焦点之中。马克思的正义观由于其显著的由哲学走向实践、由观念走向现实的特点,或是与古典政治传统相冲突,或是受到了启蒙以降的政治理念的诘难。但是,马克思的正义观的科学性正是在于对政治伦理的总体性批判。马克思用历史唯物主义分析了古今政治伦理的客观基础,通过扬弃启蒙主义话语所构成的划分古今的符号界限,将物质生产和阶级斗争呈现为理解正义与权利的哲学视角。马克思的正义观的革命性在于超越了古今之辩的历史观。马克思的正义观不再是对永恒的正义理念的追求,而是对真实的政治程序所再现的价值诉求的研判,其主体是创造历史的人民,其方向是人与生产力的解放。

Karl Marx’s view on justice is always in the focus of the debate in the history of political thought where the Enlightenment is regarded as the dividing point.Marx’s view on justice is either in conflict with the classical political tradition or challenged by the political idea since the Enlightenment due to its remarkable characteristics of moving from philosophy to practice and from idea to reality.However,it is the overall criti⁃cism of political ethics that the scientific nature of Marx’s view on justice lies in.Marx used historical material⁃ism to analyze the objective basis of ancient and modern political ethics,and presented material production and class struggle as a philosophical perspective to understand justice and rights by developing and discarding the symbolic boundaries of ancient and modern times formed by the discourse of the Enlightenment.The revolution⁃ary nature of Marx’s view on justice lies in the historical view beyond the debate between the past and the pres⁃ent.Marx’s view on justice is no longer the pursuit of the eternal idea of justice,but the study and judgment of the value appeal of reproducing the real political process;Its subject is the people who create history and its di⁃rection is the liberation of human and productivity.