旱塬区新增耕地质量和粮食产能影响因素分析——以占补平衡项目为例

Analysis of factors influencing quality of newly increased cultivated land and grain productivity in arid highland area—taking occupation complementary balance project as an example

为揭示渭北旱塬区耕地占补平衡项目对粮食产能的影响,以冬小麦和春玉米为量化标准,采用Logistic回归模型,对典型的渭北旱塬区千阳县2017年占补平衡项目新增耕地粮食产能影响因素进行研究;同时,对项目实施前后新增耕地土壤理化性质变化进行分析.结果表明:通过占补平衡项目实施使新增耕地等别提升了1~2个等级,且新增耕地中水浇地面积占比越大,新增耕地等别越高,单位面积上水浇地较旱地的粮食产能提高率增加25%.随着项目实施年限增加,土壤理化性质不断得到改善,总孔隙度、大团聚体、水稳性团聚体和微团聚体均显著变大(P<0.05),土壤结构破坏率显著减小(P<0.05),抗侵蚀能力显著提高(P<0.05).土壤有机质质量比显著提高(P<0.05),土壤养分状况不断改善.新增耕地的面积、等别、基础设施、单位面积投资、年限等因素均与粮食产能之间呈现不同程度的正相关关系;各因素对新增耕地粮食产能影响程度,按因素排序由大到小表现为等别,面积,基础设施,年限,投资.

In order to reveal the impact of the arable land complementary balance project on the grain production capacity of the Weibei platform area,taking winter wheat and spring corn as the quantitative standards,and the Logistic regression model was adopted to study the factors influencing grain productivity of newly added farmland for typical arable land complementary balance project in Weibei platform area Qianyang County in 2017.At the same time,the changes in the physical and chemical properties of the newly added arable land before and after the implementation of the project were analyzed.The results show that the implementation of complementary balance project increases the level of new cultivated land by 1 to 2 levels,and the larger the proportion of irrigated land in the newly increased cultivated land,the higher the level of newly increased cultivated land.The increase rate of grain production capacity per unit area of irrigated land is 25%higher than that of dryland.With the increase in the implementation years of the complementary balance project,the physical and chemical properties of soil have been continuously improved,the total soil porosity,large aggregates,water-stable aggregates and micro-aggregates all increase significantly(P<0.05),the damage rate of soil structure is significantly reduced(P<0.05),and the erosion resistance is significantly improved(P<0.05).The quality ratio of soil organic matter increases significantly(P<0.05),and the status of soil nutrients improves continuously.Factors such as the area,the level,infrastructure,the investment per unit area,years and the other factors of newly increased cultivated land are positively correlated with grain production capacity.The influence degree of each factor on the grain production capacity of the newly increased cultivated land is ranked from large to small in terms of grade,area,infrastructure,age and investment.