转动政社齿轮:城市社区自治组织何以参与公共事务协商

Turning the Gears of Government and Society: How can Self-governing Organizations in Urban Communities Participate in Public Affairs Consultation

社会组织参与社区协商是中国基层民主协商的具体表现形式,社区自治组织充分集结社区内生力量,具备协商治理参与潜力。基于中国本土治理实践,从政社关系视角提出“嵌入-内生”理论。以国家民政部网站为主要资料来源,结合地方民政部网站、期刊文章、公共媒体资料等,经严格筛选最终确定30个城市社区自治组织作为研究样本,运用模糊集定性比较分析和必要条件分析相结合的方法,探究城市社区自治组织实现公共事务协商参与的复杂路径。研究发现:社区群团组织在一定程度上是社区自治组织高协商参与度的必要条件;共有4种组态导致社区自治组织高协商参与度,分别为政群联动下的回应性协商、资源整合下的规范性协商、党员统筹下的回应性协商以及党领群议下的规范性协商,又可进一步识别为合作型协商和引领型协商;另有2种组态导致社区自治组织非高协商参与度。促进城市社区自治组织协商参与最重要的是驱动政社齿轮咬合运转,不可偏废其中任何一方。

The participation of social organizations in community consultation is the concrete form of democratic consultation at the grass-roots level in China. Self-governing organizations in communities fully gather the endogenous forces of communities and have the potential to participate in consultative governance. Based on the practice of local governance in China, the paper puts forward “embedding-endogenous” theory from the perspective of the relationship between government and social organizations. With the website of the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People’s Republic of China as the main data source, together with the data from the websites of local Ministry of Civil Affairs, journal articles, public media materials etc., 30 self-governing organizations in urban communities are finally selected as samples after strict screening. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA) and necessary condition analysis(NCA) are used together to explore the complex path of consultative participation of self-governing organizations in public affairs. The results show that people’s organizations in communities, to a certain extent, are the necessary condition for the high degree of consultative participation of self-governing organizations. And there are four configurations that lead to their high degree of participation, namely, responsive consultation with the linkage of government and the masses, normative consultation with the integration of resources, responsive consultation with the coordination of party members, and normative consultation with the discussion of the masses under the Party’s leadership. They can be further identified as cooperative consultation and leading consultation. The other two configurations lead to their low degree of participation. The most important factor to promote the consultative participation of self-governing organizations in urban communities is to drive gears of government and society to operate together, and neither side can be neglected.