村庄易地迁移的社会基础和动员逻辑

Social Basis and Mobilization Logic of Village Migration

国家关于脱贫攻坚的制度优势是实现易地扶贫搬迁目标的先决条件,易地扶贫搬迁的中心工作是把村庄易地迁移来实现村民脱贫致富。研究表明,缺乏生存条件的社会基础是村庄迁移的推力,地方政府的社会动员是村庄迁移的拉力,有效的社会动员结构和嵌入其中的“动员工具”相辅相成,涌现了地方政府激励村民搬迁集体行动的动员逻辑;而村民搬迁意愿和地方政府社会动员之间形成的“需求—供给”关系是推动村庄易地迁移的驱动机制。村庄迁移过程也是村民的社会学习过程,村庄易地迁移的根本目标在于优化乡村发展的社会基础,以此增强乡村振兴的社会活力和内生动力。

The institutional advantages of the national strategy in poverty alleviation is the prerequisite for realizing the goal of poverty alleviation through relocation in inhospitable areas. The central task of poverty alleviation through the relocation from inhospitable areas is to move the whole village to achieve the villagers′ poverty alleviation and prosperity. The lack of social basis of living conditions is the thrust of village migration, and the social mobilization of local government is the pulling force of village migration. Effective social mobilization structure and embedded "mobilization tools" constitute the mobilization logic that motivates villagers′ collective action to move. The "demand-supply" relationship formed between villagers′ relocation willingness and local government′s social mobilization is the driving mechanism to promote village migration. The process of village migration is also the social learning process of villagers, the fundamental goal of village migration is to optimize the social basis of rural development and enhance the social vitality and endogenous power of rural development.