共同富裕目标下社会保障支出对多维城乡差距的减缓效应

The Moderating Effect of Social Security Expenditure on Multi-dimensional Urban-rural Gap under the Goal of Common Prosperity

随着政府不断纠正财政支出的城乡分配扭曲与城市偏向,城乡之间的社会保障待遇差距进一步缩小,社会保障支出将充分发挥再分配功能,助力实现城乡居民收入均衡化和生活质量等值化。以共同富裕目标为切入口,基于2005—2020年中国省际面板数据,测度了城乡收入、消费、医疗与教育差距,运用PVAR模型、中介效应模型、RIF回归等方法,探究社会保障支出这一重要的收入再分配工具对多维城乡差距的减缓作用。研究发现:第一,多维城乡差距具有循环积累效应,前期城乡差距会进一步扩大当期差距,而社会保障支出对多维城乡差距存在持续负向影响,在一定程度上抑制了多维城乡差距的扩大,但该影响的作用效果边际递减直至消失;第二,中介效应检验结果显示,城乡收入差距是社会保障支出与城乡消费、医疗及教育差距的重要作用渠道,社会保障支出能够通过城乡收入差距这一中介渠道间接调节城乡消费、医疗以及教育差距;第三,进一步通过区域异质性分析发现,中国中西部地区与东部地区的多维城乡差距存在不平衡现象,中西部地区多维城乡差距显著高于东部地区,且随着分位数的提高,两地区之间差异逐渐扩大,即多维城乡差距具有“玻璃天花板效应”,而社会保障支出能够有效缓解多维城乡差距的“玻璃天花板效应”。据此,提出建立与经济发展特点相适应的社会保障支出增长机制,合理提高社会保障支出水平,以缩小城乡收入差距为着力点,优化社会保障支出结构,加大对农村社会保障事业的财政投入力度,提升中国社会保障事业的公平性,促进其更好发挥收入分配调节器功能等建议。

As the government continues to correct the distortion and bias in the distribution of fiscal spending between urban and rural areas,the gap in social security benefits between urban and rural areas will be further narrowed.Social security spending will give full play to its redistribution function and help achieve an equitable income and quality of life for urban and rural populations.Taking the goal of common prosperity as the starting point,the urban-rural gap of income,consumption,health care,and education were measured based on the inter-provincial panel data of China from 2005 to 2020.The PVAR model,the mediating impact model,and RIF regression were also used to explore the moderating influence of social security expenditure,an important mechanism of income redistribution,on the multidimensional urban-rural gap.The results showed that,firstly,the multidimensional urban-rural gap has a cyclic accumulation effect,while social security expenditure has a continuous negative impact on the multidimensional urban-rural gap,and the marginal effect of the impact will disappear.Second,the mediating effect test results reveal that social security expenditure can indirectly modify the urban-rural consumption,medical care and education gap through the urban-rural income gap as a mediating channel.Third,it is further found that the midwest and eastern regions of multidimensional urban-rural gap exists imbalance,the midwest regions of multidimensional urban-rural gap is significantly higher than the eastern region,multidimensional urban-rural gap has the“glass ceiling effect”,and the social security expenditure can effectively alleviate this phenomenon.On this basis,proposed and adapting to the characteristics of the economic development of the social security expenditure growth mechanism,reasonably raising the level of social security expenditure.